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Blood, 1 May 2001, Vol. 97, No. 9, pp. 2596-2603
HEMATOPOIESIS
Ionizing radiation sensitizes erythroleukemic cells
but not normal erythroblasts to tumor necrosis factor-related
apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-mediated cytotoxicity by selective
up-regulation of TRAIL-R1
Roberta Di Pietro,
Paola Secchiero,
Rosalba Rana,
Davide Gibellini,
Giuseppe Visani,
Kristi Bemis,
Loris Zamai,
Sebastiano Miscia, and
Giorgio Zauli
From the Institute of Human Morphology, "G.
D'Annunzio" University of Chieti; the Department of Morphology and
Embryology, Human Anatomy Section, University of Ferrara; the
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Microbiology Section,
and "L.A. Seragnoli" Institute of Hematology, University of
Bologna; and the Institute of Morphological Sciences, University of
Urbino, Italy; and the Institute of Human Virology, University of
Maryland Biotechnology Institute, Baltimore.
Cytotoxic activity of tumor necrosis factor-related
apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL/Apo-2 ligand), used alone or in
different combinations with either a low (1.5 Gy) or a high (15 Gy)
single dose of ionizing radiation (IR), was investigated on
erythroleukemic cells (K562, HEL, Friend, primary leukemic
erythroblasts) and on primary CD34+-derived normal
erythroblasts. Human recombinant TRAIL alone variably affected the
survival/growth of erythroleukemic cells; K562 cells were the most
sensitive. Moreover, all erythroleukemic cells were radio-resistant, as
demonstrated by the fact that cytotoxicity was evident only after
treatment with high-dose (15 Gy) IR. Remarkably, when IR and TRAIL were
used in combination, an additive effect was noticed in all
erythroleukemic cells. Augmentation of TRAIL-induced cell death by IR
was observed with both low and high IR doses and required the
sequential treatment of IR 3 to 6 hours before the addition of TRAIL.
Conversely, both TRAIL and IR showed a moderate cytotoxicity on primary
CD34+-derived normal erythroblasts when used alone, but
their combination did not show any additive effect. Moreover, the
cytotoxicity of IR plus TRAIL observed in erythroleukemic cells was
accompanied by the selective up-regulation of the surface expression of
TRAIL-R1 (DR4), and it was completely blocked by the z-Val-Ala-Asp
(OMe)-CH2 (z-VAD-fmk) caspase inhibitor. On the other hand,
the surface expression of TRAIL-R1 in CD34+-derived normal
erythroblasts was unaffected by IR, which induced the up-regulation of
the decoy TRAIL-R3. These data demonstrate that treatment with IR
provides an approach to selectively sensitize erythroleukemic cells,
but not normal erythroblasts, to TRAIL-induced apoptosis through the
functional up-regulation of TRAIL-R1.

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