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Blood, 1 January 2002, Vol. 99, No. 1, pp. 290-299
NEOPLASIA
Effects of anti-CD44 monoclonal antibodies on differentiation
and apoptosis of human myeloid leukemia cell lines
Rachida-Sihem Charrad,
Zeineb Gadhoum,
Junyuan Qi,
Anne Glachant,
Michèle Allouche,
Claude Jasmin,
Christine Chomienne, and
Florence Smadja-Joffe
From Inserm U268, Laboratoire de différenciation
hématopoiétique normale et leucémique, Hôpital
Paul-Brousse, Villejuif, France; CNRS-UPCM, UPR2163, CHU Purpan,
Toulouse, France; and Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire
Hematopoïétique, Université Paris VII-EP CNRS 107 Institut d'Hématologie, Hopital Saint Louis, Paris,
France.
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous leukemia
characterized by the blockage of myeloid differentiation at different stages, which define distinct AML subtypes. We have recently reported that the ligation of CD44 with 2 activating monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), A3D8 and H90, triggers terminal differentiation of leukemic blasts in AML-M1/2 to AML-M5 subtypes, which are the most frequent ones. However, fresh AML blasts have short in vitro lifespans. Therefore, to find relevant in vitro cellular models for further studying the mechanisms involved in CD44-induced differentiation, we
investigated whether CD44 ligation with A3D8 and H90 mAbs can induce
terminal differentiation of THP-1, NB4, and HL60 cells, each
interesting models of AML-M5 (monoblastic subtype), AML-M3 (promyelocytic subtype), and AML-M2 (myeloblastic subtype),
respectively. We also study whether CD44 ligation induces a loss of
proliferative capacity, an important feature of late-stage myeloid
differentiation. In the second part of our study, we investigated
whether A3D8 and H90 anti-CD44 mAbs can induce the differentiation and
inhibit the proliferation of KG1a cells, which are very immature AML-M0 blasts. Using functional, antigenic, and cytologic criteria, we presently show that A3D8 and/or H90 induce terminal differentiation of
THP-1, HL60, and NB4 cell lines and strongly inhibit their proliferation. Interestingly, cell-specific effects of H90 and A3D8 are
observed. We also observe that incubation with A3D8 for 3 to 6 days
induces an apoptotic cell death that is moderate in the case of THP-1
and HL60 cells and massive in the case of NB4 cells. Finally, our
results demonstrate for the first time that it is possible to reverse
the leukemic blockage of KG1a cells by using both an anti-CD44 mAb and
retinoic acid. This result may provide a new experimental basis for a
differentiative therapy in AML-M0 patients.
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