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Blood, 15 February 2002, Vol. 99, No. 4, pp. 1259-1266
IMMUNOBIOLOGY
Sequential production of interferon- by NK1.1+ T
cells and natural killer cells is essential for the antimetastatic
effect of -galactosylceramide
Mark J. Smyth,
Nadine Y. Crowe,
Daniel G. Pellicci,
Konstantinos Kyparissoudis,
Janice M. Kelly,
Kazuyoshi Takeda,
Hideo Yagita, and
Dale I. Godfrey
From Cancer Immunology, Trescowthick Laboratories,
Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;
the Department of Pathology and Immunology, Monash Medical School,
Prahran, Victoria, Australia; and the Department of Immunology,
Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
The antimetastatic effect of the CD1d-binding glycolipid,
-galactosylceramide ( -GalCer), is mediated by NK1.1+T
(NKT) cells; however, the mechanisms behind this process are poorly
defined. Although it has been shown to involve NK cells and
interferon- (IFN- ) production, the way these factors collaborate to mediate effective tumor rejection and the importance of other factors characteristic of NKT cell and NK cell activation are unknown.
Using gene-targeted mice and antibody treatments, the critical need for
interleukin 12 (IL-12), IFN- , and NK cells has been shown in the
antimetastatic activity of -GalCer in the lungs and the liver. By
contrast, in lung and liver metastasis models, cytotoxic molecules
expressed by NK cells and NKT cells (perforin, Fas ligand, and tumor
necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) and an NKT
cell-secreted cytokine, IL-4, were not necessary for the antitumor
activity of -GalCer. Like IL-12, IL-18 was required for optimal
serum IFN- induction and control of lung metastases by -GalCer.
IL-18 was unnecessary for -GalCer-related suppression of
liver metastases. Most importantly, after adoptive transfer of
-GalCer-reactive NKT cells or NK cells into NKT
cell-deficient, IFN- -deficient, or RAG-1-deficient mice, it was
demonstrated that the sequential production of IFN- by NKT cells and
NK cells was absolutely required to reconstitute the antimetastatic
activity of -GalCer.

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J. Brady, Y. Hayakawa, M. J. Smyth, and S. L. Nutt
IL-21 Induces the Functional Maturation of Murine NK Cells
J. Immunol.,
February 15, 2004;
172(4):
2048 - 2058.
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J. R. Ortaldo, H. A. Young, R. T. Winkler-Pickett, E. W. Bere Jr., W. J. Murphy, and R. H. Wiltrout
Dissociation of NKT Stimulation, Cytokine Induction, and NK Activation In Vivo by the Use of Distinct TCR-Binding Ceramides
J. Immunol.,
January 15, 2004;
172(2):
943 - 953.
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M. Nieda, M. Okai, A. Tazbirkova, H. Lin, A. Yamaura, K. Ide, R. Abraham, T. Juji, D. J. Macfarlane, and A. J. Nicol
Therapeutic activation of V{alpha}24+V{beta}11+ NKT cells in human subjects results in highly coordinated secondary activation of acquired and innate immunity
Blood,
January 15, 2004;
103(2):
383 - 389.
[Abstract]
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O. Shibolet, Y. Kalish, A. Klein, R. Alper, L. Zolotarov, B. Thalenfeld, D. Engelhardt, E. Rabbani, and Y. Ilan
Adoptive transfer of ex vivo immune-programmed NKT lymphocytes alleviates immune-mediated colitis
J. Leukoc. Biol.,
January 1, 2004;
75(1):
76 - 86.
[Abstract]
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J. Schmieg, G. Yang, R. W. Franck, and M. Tsuji
Superior Protection against Malaria and Melanoma Metastases by a C-glycoside Analogue of the Natural Killer T Cell Ligand {alpha}-Galactosylceramide
J. Exp. Med.,
December 1, 2003;
198(11):
1631 - 1641.
[Abstract]
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N. Y. Crowe, A. P. Uldrich, K. Kyparissoudis, K. J. L. Hammond, Y. Hayakawa, S. Sidobre, R. Keating, M. Kronenberg, M. J. Smyth, and D. I. Godfrey
Glycolipid Antigen Drives Rapid Expansion and Sustained Cytokine Production by NK T Cells
J. Immunol.,
October 15, 2003;
171(8):
4020 - 4027.
[Abstract]
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A. A. Ashkar and K. L. Rosenthal
Interleukin-15 and Natural Killer and NKT Cells Play a Critical Role in Innate Protection against Genital Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Infection
J. Virol.,
September 15, 2003;
77(18):
10168 - 10171.
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L. M. Esteban, T. Tsoutsman, M. A. Jordan, D. Roach, L. D. Poulton, A. Brooks, O. V. Naidenko, S. Sidobre, D. I. Godfrey, and A. G. Baxter
Genetic Control of NKT Cell Numbers Maps to Major Diabetes and Lupus Loci
J. Immunol.,
September 15, 2003;
171(6):
2873 - 2878.
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C. N. Baxevanis, A. D. Gritzapis, and M. Papamichail
In Vivo Antitumor Activity of NKT Cells Activated by the Combination of IL-12 and IL-18
J. Immunol.,
September 15, 2003;
171(6):
2953 - 2959.
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Y. Hayakawa, S. Rovero, G. Forni, and M. J. Smyth
{alpha}-Galactosylceramide (KRN7000) suppression of chemical- and oncogene-dependent carcinogenesis
PNAS,
August 5, 2003;
100(16):
9464 - 9469.
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M. J. Smyth, S. E. A. Street, and J. A. Trapani
Cutting Edge: Granzymes A and B Are Not Essential for Perforin-Mediated Tumor Rejection
J. Immunol.,
July 15, 2003;
171(2):
515 - 518.
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H.-L. Ma, M. J. Whitters, R. F. Konz, M. Senices, D. A. Young, M. J. Grusby, M. Collins, and K. Dunussi-Joannopoulos
IL-21 Activates Both Innate and Adaptive Immunity to Generate Potent Antitumor Responses that Require Perforin but Are Independent of IFN-{gamma}
J. Immunol.,
July 15, 2003;
171(2):
608 - 615.
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Y. Miyahira, M. Katae, K. Takeda, H. Yagita, K. Okumura, S. Kobayashi, T. Takeuchi, T. Kamiyama, Y. Fukuchi, and T. Aoki
Activation of Natural Killer T Cells by {alpha}-Galactosylceramide Impairs DNA Vaccine-Induced Protective Immunity against Trypanosoma cruzi
Infect. Immun.,
March 1, 2003;
71(3):
1234 - 1241.
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S. L. H. van Dommelen, H. A. Tabarias, M. J. Smyth, and M. A. Degli-Esposti
Activation of Natural Killer (NK) T Cells during Murine Cytomegalovirus Infection Enhances the Antiviral Response Mediated by NK Cells
J. Virol.,
February 1, 2003;
77(3):
1877 - 1884.
[Abstract]
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N. Y. Crowe, M. J. Smyth, and D. I. Godfrey
A Critical Role for Natural Killer T Cells in Immunosurveillance of Methylcholanthrene-induced Sarcomas
J. Exp. Med.,
July 1, 2002;
196(1):
119 - 127.
[Abstract]
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