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Blood, 15 March 2002, Vol. 99, No. 6, pp. 2154-2161
IMMUNOBIOLOGY
The heterogeneity shown by human plasma cells from tonsil, blood,
and bone marrow reveals graded stages of increasing maturity, but local
profiles of adhesion molecule expression
Francisco Medina,
Carmen Segundo,
Antonio Campos-Caro,
Inés González-García, and
José A. Brieva
From the Servicio de Inmunología and Unidad de
Investigación, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar,
Cádiz, Spain.
Plasma cells (PCs) are the final B-cell differentiation stage.
Recent evidence reveals relevant functional differences within the PC
compartment. In rodents, early PCs formed in secondary lymphoid tissues
show enhanced apoptosis and short life span, whereas PCs present in a
final destination organ, such as the bone marrow (BM), have reached a
stable prolonged survival state. BM PCs arrive at this organ as
a circulating precursor whose cellular nature remains uncertain. An
initial aim of this study was to characterize this circulating cell. We
hypothesized that antibody-secreting cells detectable in the human
blood after immunization might be a candidate precursor. These
cells were obtained from the blood of volunteers immunized 6 days
earlier with tetanus toxoid (tet), and they were unambiguously
identified as PCs, as demonstrated by their expression of the
CD38h phenotype, by morphology, by immunoglobulin (Ig)
intracytoplasmic staining, and by IgG-tet-secreting capacity in vitro.
In addition, by using the common CD38h feature, human PCs
from tonsil (as a possible source of early PCs), from blood from
tet-immunized donors (as the putative precursors of BM PCs), and from
BM (as a deposit organ) have been purified and their phenotypes
compared. The results show that a variety of differentiation
molecules, proteins involved in the control of apoptosis, the B-cell
transcription factors, positive regulatory domain I-binding
factor 1/B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 and B
cell-specific activating protein and, at least partially, the
chemokine receptor CXCR4 were expressed by human PCs following a
gradient of increasing maturity in the direction: tonsil blood BM. However, PCs from these different organs showed a local pattern of
adhesion molecule expression. These observations are discussed in
light of the complex physiology of the human PC compartment.

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