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Blood, 15 April 2002, Vol. 99, No. 8, pp. 2703-2711
CHEMOKINES
Regulation of endothelial cell branching morphogenesis by
endogenous chemokine stromal-derived factor-1
Ombretta Salvucci,
Lei Yao,
Sabrina Villalba,
Agatha Sajewicz,
Stefania Pittaluga, and
Giovanna Tosato
From the Experimental Transplantation and Immunology
Branch and the Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute,
Bethesda, MD.
The chemokine stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and its unique
receptor, CXCR4, are required for normal cardiovascular development, but a critical role for SDF-1 in postnatal vascular remodeling and the
mechanisms underlying SDF-1/CXCR-4 vasculogenesis are unclear. Here we
show that SDF-1 is expressed by the vascular endothelium from selected
healthy and tumor tissues. In vitro, primary endothelial cells
constitutively express SDF-1 that is detected in the cytoplasm, on the
cell surface, and in the culture supernatant. Vascular endothelial
growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) increase
SDF-1 expression in endothelial cells. In functional studies, pertussis
toxin and antibodies to SDF-1 or CXCR-4 disrupt extracellular
matrix-dependent endothelial cell tube formation in vitro. This
morphogenic process is associated with time-dependent modulation of
surface CXCR-4 expression that changes from being diffuse to being
polarized and subsequently lost. In vivo, pertussis toxin and
neutralizing antibodies directed at SDF-1 inhibit growth
factor-dependent neovascularization. These results indicate that
SDF-1/CXCR-4 identifies VEGF- and bFGF-regulated autocrine signaling
systems that are essential regulators of endothelial cell morphogenesis
and angiogenesis.

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