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Blood, 15 October 2008, Vol. 112, No. 8, pp. 3425-3433. Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on June 10, 2008; DOI 10.1182/blood-2008-02-137372.
Submitted February 5, 2008
Pathology Department, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States * Corresponding author; email: lrimsza{at}email.arizona.edu.
Gene expression profiling (GEP) on frozen tissues has identified genes predicting outcome in patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Confirmation of results in current patients is limited by availability of frozen samples and addition of monoclonal antibodies to treatment regimens. We used a quantitative nuclease protection assay (qNPA) to analyze formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded tissue (FFPET) blocks for 36 previously identified genes (N=209, 93 chemotherapy; 116 rituximab+chemotherapy). By qNPA, 208 cases were successfully analyzed (99.5%). Additionally, 15/36 and 11/36 genes, representing each functional group previously identified by GEP, were associated with survival (p < 0.05) in the 2 treatment groups respectively. Additionally, 30/36 hazard ratios of death trended in the same direction compared to the original studies. Multivariate and variable cut point analysis identified low levels of HLA-DR (<20%) and high levels of MYC (>80%) as independent indicators of survival, together distinguishing cases with the worst prognosis. Our results solve a clinical research problem by demonstrating that: prognostic genes can be meaningfully quantified using the qNPA technology on FFPET blocks; previous GEP findings in DLBCL are relevant with current treatments; and 2 genes, representing immune escape and proliferation, are the common features of the most aggressive DLBCL.
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