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Blood First Edition Paper, prepublished online November 6, 2009; DOI 10.1182/blood-2009-07-232124.
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Submitted July 8, 2009; accepted October 11, 2009.

A population based cytogenetic study of adults with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL)

Anthony V Moorman1,4, Lucy Chilton1, Jennifer Wilkinson2, Hannah M Ensor1, Nick Bown3 and Stephen J Proctor2

1 Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom; 2 Department of Haematology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom; 3 NHS Northern Genetics Service, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom

* Corresponding author; email: anthony.moorman{at}ncl.ac.uk

Abstract

Chromosomal abnormalities are increasingly used to risk stratify adults with ALL. Published data describing the age-specific incidence of chromosomal abnormalities and their prognostic relevance is largely derived from clinical trials. Trials frequently have age restrictions and low recruitment rates. Thus we investigated these factors in a population-based cohort of 349 patients diagnosed over 19 years in the North of the UK. The incidence of most chromosomal abnormalities varied significantly with age. The incidence of t(9;22)(q34;q11) increased in each successive decade, up to 24% among 40-49 year olds. Thereafter the incidence reached a plateau. t(4;11)(q21;q23) and t(1;19)(q23;p13) were rare among patients aged over 60 years. In contrast, t(8;14)(q24;q32) and t(14;18)(q32;q21) increased with age. High hyperdiploidy occurred in 13% of patients <20 years but in only 5% of older patients. The incidence of low hypodiploidy / near-triploidy (HoTr) and complex karyotype increased with age from 4% (15-29 years) to 15% (60+ years). Overall survival varied significantly by age and cytogenetics. Older patients and those with t(9;22), t(4;11), Ho-Tr or complex karyotype had a significantly inferior outcome. These population-based results demonstrate the cytogenetic heterogeneity of adult ALL. These data will inform service planning and the design of new age-focussed clinical trials.


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