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Blood, Vol. 109, Issue 2, 613-615, January 15, 2007
Phenotypic heterogeneity is an evolutionarily conserved feature of the endothelium
Blood Yano et al.
109: 613
Supplemental materials for: Yano et al, Vol 109, Issue 2, 613-615
Files in this Data Supplement:
- Table S1. The list of lectins and their working dilutions (PDF, 75.1 KB)
- Figure S1. Phylogenetic tree (PDF, 43.5 KB) -
Endothelial cells are absent in invertebrates, cephalocordates, and tunicates, but present in Craniata, which include the three major groups of extant vertebrates: hagfish (myxinoids), lampreys, and jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes). The relationships among these vertebrate groups are currently controversial. Morphologic data tend to favor a sister-group relationship between gnathostomes and lampreys, with hagfish more distantly related. Some molecular data favor a sister-group relationship between hagfish and lampreys, with gnathostomes more distantly related. In either case, the last common ancestor of hagfish and gnathostomes was also the last common ancestor of all extant vertebrates, which lived some time more than 500 million years ago.
- Figure S2. Gross anatomy of the hagfish (PDF, 63.5 KB) -
(A) An adult hagfish is shown. Head is on right, caudal end on left. A linear series of slime gland openings are seen on the ventrolateral surface. (B) An adult hagfish has been dissected along its ventral side. Shown are 1 row of the internal gill pouches, the bronchial (systemic) heart, the liver, the gallbladder (between 2 lobes of the liver), the aorta, the intestine, and the blood-filled dorsally situated subcutaneous sinus.
- Figure S3. Histology of hagfish organs (PDF, 149 KB) -
(A) Low-power light microscopic image of H&E-stained cross-section through the mid portion of the body shows from the top to bottom: skin, subcutaneous sinus (SCS), neural tube (NT), muscle (M), notochord (NC), and abdominal cavity (AC). (B) Higher magnification of panel A shows bilateral kidneys and aortal and posterior cardinal veins. (C-D) Higher magnifications of panel B reveal aorta with endothelium overlying a thick layer of extracellular matrix and smooth muscle cells. (E) Microscopic image of H&E-stained cross-section through the heart shows sponge-like structure of myocardium with blood-filled sinuses. RBCs indicate red blood cells. (F) Higher magnification of panel E shows endothelial cells (ECs) lining the sinuses.(G) Low-power light microscopic image of Masson trichrome-stained cross-section through anterior portion of the body shows skin overlying the SCS. Bilateral slime glands are indicated by arrowheads. (H) Light microscopy of H&E-stained skin reveals, from top to bottom: epidermis (E), dermis (D), subdermis (S), and SCS. The upper dermis contains many microvessels, which are cut in cross-section. Also shown is a microvessel that extends longitudinally from the subdermis to the upper dermis. The subdermis contains many adipocytes and occasional microvessels. (I) Higher magnification of panel H with epidermis on top and upper dermis on bottom. The epidermis contains a large mucus cell. The upper dermis contains blood-filled microvessels and cells with melanin granules. (J) Low-power light microscopic image of H&E-stained liver reveals abundant fat. Scattered throughout the liver are many red blood cells. (K) Higher magnification of panel J shows a blood vessel lined by ECs, and containing RBCs. HCs indicates hepatocytes. Scale bars represent 3 mm (A), 150 µm (B), 75 µm (C), 55 µm (D), 150 µm (E), 55 µm (F), 2 mm (G), 150 µm (H), 55 µm (I), 150 µm (J), and 55 µm (K).
- Video 1. Intravital microscopy of dermal microvessels (MOV, 9.38 MB)
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This movie sequence was taken from hagfish dermal microvasculature using intravital video fluorescence microscopy (for details, see “Materials and methods”). A neutrophil (bright cell) rapidly enters the dermal microvascular network through a feeding arteriole. Within this arteriole no rolling or adhesion can be observed. In contrast, after entering the capillary network the neutrophil starts rolling and finally adheres at the venular end of a capillary.
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