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Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on January 30, 2003; DOI 10.1182/blood-2002-11-3569. This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: 2002-11-3569v1 101/11/4500    most recent Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Rights and Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via CrossRef Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Bernasconi, N. L. Articles by Lanzavecchia, A. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Bernasconi, N. L. Articles by Lanzavecchia, A. Related Collections Immunobiology Signal Transduction Gene Expression Related Article in Blood Online Social Bookmarking                   What's this?  Previous Article  |  Table of Contents  |  Next Article  Blood, 1 June 2003, Vol. 101, No. 11, pp. 4500-4504 IMMUNOBIOLOGY A role for Toll-like receptors in acquired immunity: up-regulation of TLR9 by BCR triggering in naive B cells and constitutive expression in memory B cells Nadia L. Bernasconi, Nobuyuki Onai, and Antonio Lanzavecchia From the Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Switzerland. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors that trigger innate immunity. In this study we investigated the expression of 10 TLRs in human naive and memory B-cell subsets. We report that in human naive B cells most TLRs are expressed at low to undetectable levels, but the expression of TLR9 and TLR10 is rapidly induced following B-cell-receptor (BCR) triggering. In contrast, memory B cells express several TLRs at constitutively high levels. The differential expression of TLR9 correlates with responsiveness to its agonist, CpG DNA. Thus, human memory B cells proliferate and differentiate to immunoglobulin (Ig)–secreting cells in response to CpG, while naive B do so only if simultaneously triggered through the BCR. The BCR-induced expression of TLRs in human naive B cells prevents polyclonal activation in a primary response, because it restricts stimulation to antigen-specific B cells. In contrast, the constitutive expression of TLRs in memory B cells allows polyclonal activation of the entire memory pool. Thus, in human B cells TLRs are downstream of BCR and play a role both in the primary response and in the memory phase. CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this? Related Article in Blood Online: CpG: unraveling the key to B-cell function Gunther Hartmann Blood 2003 101: 4230-4231. 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