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Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on October 17, 2002; DOI 10.1182/blood-2002-04-1084. This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: 2002-04-1084v1 101/6/2419    most recent Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Rights and Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via CrossRef Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Allain, J.-P. Articles by Opare-Sem, O. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Allain, J.-P. Articles by Opare-Sem, O. Related Collections Transfusion Medicine Clinical Trials and Observations Social Bookmarking                   What's this?  Previous Article  |  Table of Contents  |  Next Article  Blood, 15 March 2003, Vol. 101, No. 6, pp. 2419-2425 TRANSFUSION MEDICINE The risk of hepatitis B virus infection by transfusion in Kumasi, Ghana Jean-Pierre Allain, Daniel Candotti, Kate Soldan, Francis Sarkodie, Bruce Phelps, Cristina Giachetti, Venkatakrishna Shyamala, Francis Yeboah, Margaret Anokwa, Shirley Owusu-Ofori, and Ohene Opare-Sem From the Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom; National Blood Service, East Anglia Blood Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Public Health Laboratory Service and National Blood Service, London, United Kingdom; Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana; Chiron Corporation, Emeryville, CA; and Gen-Probe, San Diego, CA. The risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission by transfusion in sub-Saharan Africa is considered to be relatively low, and testing of blood donors is often not done or is done relatively poorly. To re-examine this attitude, we identified HBV chronically infected blood donors from a major hospital in Ghana with a range of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) assays. Test efficacy was estimated using HBV DNA as a gold standard, and the risk of HBV infection in blood recipients was estimated for different testing strategies. Particle agglutination, dipstick, and enzyme immunoassay (EIA) HBsAg screening detected 54%, 71%, and 97% of HBV infectious donors, respectively. The risk of HBV transmission to recipients less than 10 years old ranged between 1:11 and 1:326 with blood unscreened and screened by EIA, respectively. For older recipients, the risk decreased a further 4-fold because of the high frequency of natural exposure to HBV. A total of 98% of HBsAg-confirmed positive samples contained HBV DNA. HBV DNA load was less than 1 × 104 IU/mL in 75% of HBsAg-reactive samples, most of them anti-HBe reactive. Approximately 0.5% of HBsAg-negative but anti-HBc-positive samples contained HBV DNA. The use of sensitive HBsAg tests is critical to prevent transfusion transmission of HBV infection to young children in a population with a 15% prevalence of chronic HBV infection in blood donors. However, this will not have much effect on the prevalence of this infection unless other strategies to protect children from infection are also advanced in parallel. © 2003 by The American Society of Hematology.   CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this? This article has been cited by other articles: A. Zahn, C. Li, K. Danso, D. Candotti, S. Owusu-Ofori, J. Temple, and J.-P. Allain Molecular characterization of occult hepatitis B virus in genotype E-infected subjects J. Gen. 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Lee Simultaneous Visual Detection of Multiple Viral Amplicons by Dipstick Assay J. Clin. Microbiol., August 1, 2005; 43(8): 4015 - 4021. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] C. Madjdpour and D. R. Spahn Allogeneic red blood cell transfusions: efficacy, risks, alternatives and indications Br. J. Anaesth., July 1, 2005; 95(1): 33 - 42. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] D. Candotti, N. Etiz, A. Parsyan, and J.-P. Allain Identification and Characterization of Persistent Human Erythrovirus Infection in Blood Donor Samples J. Virol., November 15, 2004; 78(22): 12169 - 12178. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] C. Marcucci, C. Madjdpour, and D. R. Spahn Allogeneic blood transfusions: benefit, risks and clinical indications in countries with a low or high human development index Br. Med. Bull., August 31, 2004; 70(1): 15 - 28. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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