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Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on March 6, 2003; DOI 10.1182/blood-2002-09-2896.
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Blood, 1 July 2003, Vol. 102, No. 1, pp. 276-283
NEOPLASIA
Detection of BCR-ABL mutations in patients with CML treated with imatinib is virtually always accompanied by clinical resistance, and mutations in the ATP phosphate-binding loop (P-loop) are associated with a poor prognosis
Susan Branford,
Zbigniew Rudzki,
Sonya Walsh,
Ian Parkinson,
Andrew Grigg,
Jeff Szer,
Kerry Taylor,
Richard Herrmann,
John F. Seymour,
Chris Arthur,
David Joske,
Kevin Lynch, and
Tim Hughes
From the Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, Adelaide, South Australia; Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria; Mater Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland; Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia; Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, Victoria; Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales; Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia; and Novartis Pharmaceuticals Australia, North Ryde, Sydney.
Imatinib-treated chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients with acquired resistance commonly have detectable BCR-ABL kinase domain mutations. It is unclear whether patients who remain sensitive to imatinib also have a significant incidence of mutations. We evaluated 144 patients treated with imatinib for BCR-ABL kinase domain mutations by direct sequencing of 40 accelerated phase (AP), 64 late chronic phase (≥ 12 months from diagnosis, late-CP), and 40 early-CP patients. Mutations were detected in 27 patients at 17 different residues, 13 (33%) of 40 in AP, 14 (22%) of 64 in late-CP, and 0 of 40 in early-CP. Acquired resistance was evident in 24 (89%) of 27 patients with mutations. Twelve (92%) of 13 patients with mutations in the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding loop (P-loop) died (median survival of 4.5 months after the mutation was detected). In contrast, only 3 (21%) of 14 patients with mutations outside the P-loop died (median follow-up of 11 months). As the detection of mutations was strongly associated with imatinib resistance, we analyzed features that predicted for their detection. Patients who commenced imatinib more than 4 years from diagnosis had a significantly higher incidence of mutations (18 [41%] of 44) compared with those treated within 4 years (9 [9%] of 100), P < .0001. Lack of a major cytogenetic response (MCR) was also associated with a higher likelihood of detecting a mutation; 19 (38%) of 50 patients without a MCR had mutations compared with 8 (8.5%) of 94 with an MCR, P < .0001. In conclusion, the detection of kinase domain mutations using a direct sequencing technique was almost always associated with imatinib resistance, and patients with mutations in the P-loop had a particularly poor prognosis. (Blood. 2003; 102:276-283)

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S. Chu, H. Xu, N. P. Shah, D. S. Snyder, S. J. Forman, C. L. Sawyers, and R. Bhatia
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J. M. Goldman and J. V. Melo
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J. H. Antin
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J. V. Melo, T. P. Hughes, and J. F. Apperley
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