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Blood, 1 February 2004, Vol. 103, No. 3, pp. 973-979.
Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on October 2, 2003; DOI 10.1182/blood-2003-03-0874.
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IMMUNOBIOLOGY
Elevated interleukin-7 levels not sufficient to maintain T-cell homeostasis during simian immunodeficiency virus–induced disease progression
Alagarraju Muthukumar,
Aneta Wozniakowski,
Marie-Claire Gauduin,
Mirko Paiardini,
Harold M. McClure,
R. Paul Johnson,
Guido Silvestri, and
Donald L. Sodora
From the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; New England Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Southborough, MA; Yerkes Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; and Institute of Biochemistry, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy.
Elevated levels of interleukin 7 (IL-7) have been correlated with various T-cell depletion conditions, including HIV infection, and suggested as an indicator of HIV disease progression (AIDS and death). Here, the assessment of pathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVmac239) infection in rhesus macaques demonstrated a clear association between a significant elevation in IL-7 levels and disease progression. In 5 macaques that progressed to simian AIDS and death, elevated IL-7 levels were unable to restore T-cell homeostasis. In contrast, increased IL-7 levels were followed by relatively high and stable T-cell numbers in the SIV-infected macaques with a slow-progressing phenotype. Further, studies in sooty mangabeys that do not progress to simian AIDS and that maintain stable T-cell numbers despite high levels of viral replication support the importance of IL-7 and T-cell homeostasis in disease progression. These data suggest that during pathogenic SIV infection with high viral replication, elevated IL-7 levels are unable to recover T-cell homeostasis, thereby leading to disease progression. The utility of IL-7 as a potential immunotherapeutic agent to improve HIV/SIV-related T-cell depletion may therefore depend on controlling the pathogenic effects of viral replication prior to the administration of IL-7. (Blood. 2004;103:973-979)
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