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Blood, 15 October 2004, Vol. 104, No. 8, pp. 2484-2491.
Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on June 8, 2004; DOI 10.1182/blood-2003-11-3839.
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NEOPLASIA
Osteoclasts enhance myeloma cell growth and survival via cell-cell contact: a vicious cycle between bone destruction and myeloma expansion
Masahiro Abe,
Kenji Hiura,
Javier Wilde,
Atsushi Shioyasono,
Keiji Moriyama,
Toshihiro Hashimoto,
Shinsuke Kido,
Takashi Oshima,
Hironobu Shibata,
Shuji Ozaki,
Daisuke Inoue, and
Toshio Matsumoto
From the Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima, Japan; the Department of Orthodontics, University of Tokushima School of Dentistry, Tokushima, Japan; the Division of Transfusion Medicine, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan.
Multiple myeloma (MM) expands in the bone marrow and causes devastating bone destruction by enhancing osteoclastic bone resorption in its vicinity, suggesting a close interaction between MM cells and osteoclasts (OCs). Here, we show that peripheral blood mononuclear cell-derived OCs enhanced growth and survival of primary MM cells as well as MM cell lines more potently than stromal cells, and that OCs protected MM cells from apoptosis induced by serum depletion or doxorubicin. OCs produced osteopontin (OPN) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), and adhesion of MM cells to OCs increased IL-6 production from OCs. In addition, IL-6 and OPN in combination enhanced MM cell growth and survival. However, the effects of OCs on MM cell growth and survival were only partially suppressed by a simultaneous addition of antiIL-6 and anti-OPN antibodies and were completely abrogated by inhibition of cellular contact between MM cells and OCs. These results demonstrate that OCs enhance MM cell growth and survival through a cell-cell contact-mediated mechanism that is partially dependent on IL-6 and OPN. It is suggested that interactions of MM cells with OCs augment MM growth and survival and, thereby, form a vicious cycle, leading to extensive bone destruction and MM cell expansion.

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