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Blood, 1 April 2005, Vol. 105, No. 7, pp. 2891-2899.
Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on December 14, 2004; DOI 10.1182/blood-2004-06-2297.
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NEOPLASIA
MALT1 and the API2-MALT1 fusion act between CD40 and IKK and confer NF- B-dependent proliferative advantage and resistance against FAS-induced cell death in B cells
Liza Ho,
R. Eric Davis,
Béatrice Conne,
Richard Chappuis,
Margaret Berczy,
Paulette Mhawech,
Louis M. Staudt, and
Juerg Schwaller
From the Department of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospital, Centre Medical Universitaire (CMU), Geneva, Switzerland; and the Metabolism Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD.
The most frequently recurring translocations in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, t(11;18)(q21;q21) and t(14;18)(q32; q21), lead to formation of an API2-MALT1 fusion or IgH-mediated MALT1 overexpression. Various approaches have implicated these proteins in nuclear factor B (NF- B) signaling, but this has not been shown experimentally in human B cells. Immunohistochemistry showed that MALT1 is predominantly expressed in normal and malignant germinal center B cells, corresponding to the differentiation stage of MALT lymphoma. We expressed MALT1 and apoptosis inhibitor-2 API2/MALT1 in human B-cell lymphoma BJAB cells and found both transgenes in membrane lipid rafts along with endogenous MALT1 and 2 binding partners involved in NF- B signaling, B-cell lymphoma 10 (BCL10) and CARMA1 (caspase recruitment domain [CARD]-containing membrane-associated guanylate kinase [MAGUK] 1). API2-MALT1 and exogenous MALT1 increased constitutive NF- B activity and enhanced I B kinase (IKK) activation induced by CD40 stimulation. Both transgenes protected BJAB cells from FAS (CD95)-induced death, consistent with increases in NF- B cytoprotective target gene expression, and increased their proliferation rate. Expression of a dominant-negative I B mutant showed that these survival and proliferative advantages are dependent on elevated constitutive NF- B activity. Our findings support a model in which NF- B signaling, once activated in a CD40-dependent immune response, is maintained and enhanced through deregulation of MALT1 or formation of an API2-MALT1 fusion.

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