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 Blood, 15 July 2005, Vol. 106, No. 2, pp. 485-493.
Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on March 29, 2005; DOI 10.1182/blood-2004-10-4145.

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HEMATOPOIESIS

Transforming growth factor-{beta}1 modulates responses of CD34+ cord blood cells to stromal cell-derived factor-1/CXCL12

Sunanda Basu, and Hal E. Broxmeyer

From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, the Walther Oncology Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; and the Walther Cancer Institute, Indianapolis.

Disruption of stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1/CXCL12 [CXC chemokine ligand 12]) interaction leads to mobilization of stem/progenitor cells from bone marrow to circulation. However, prolonged exposure of CD34+ cells to SDF-1 desensitizes them to SDF-1. So how do cells remain responsive to SDF-1 in vivo when they are continuously exposed to SDF-1? We hypothesized that one or more mechanisms mediated by cytokines exist that could modulate SDF-1 responsiveness of CD34+ cells and the desensitization process. We considered transforming growth factor-{beta}1 (TGF-{beta}1) a possible candidate, since TGF-{beta}1 has effects on CD34+ cells and is produced by stromal cells, which provide niches for maintenance and proliferation of stem/progenitor cells. TGF-{beta}1 significantly restored SDF-1–induced chemotaxis and sustained adhesion responses in cord blood CD34+ cells preexposed to SDF-1. Effects of TGF-{beta}1 were dependent on the dose and duration of TGF-{beta}1 pretreatment. Phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (Erk1)/Erk2 was implicated in TGF-{beta}1 modulation of migratory and adhesion responses to SDF-1. Our results indicate that low levels of TGF-{beta}1 can modulate SDF-1 responsiveness of CD34+ cells and thus may facilitate SDF-1–mediated retention and nurturing of stem/progenitor cells in bone marrow.


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