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Blood, 1 April 2006, Vol. 107, No. 7, pp. 2686-2693. Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on December 1, 2005; DOI 10.1182/blood-2005-07-2798.
HEMATOPOIESIS Id helix-loop-helix proteins negatively regulate TRANCE-mediated osteoclast differentiationFrom the Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea; the Division of Molecular Life Sciences and Center for Cell Signaling Research, Ewha Women's University, Seoul, Korea; the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia; and the Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Fukui, Matsuoka, Japan.
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)related activation-induced cytokine (TRANCE) induces osteoclast formation from monocyte/macrophage lineage cells via various transcription factors, including the Mi transcription factor (Mitf). Here, we show that inhibitors of differentiation/DNA binding (Ids), helix-loop-helix (HLH) transcription factors, negatively regulate TRANCE-induced osteoclast differentiation. Expression levels of Id1, Id2, and Id3 genes are significantly reduced by TRANCE during osteoclastogenesis. Interestingly, overexpression of the 3 Id genes in bone marrowderived monocyte/macrophage lineage cells (BMMs) inhibits the formation of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)positive multinuclear osteoclasts, but it does not alter the ability of BMMs to either phagocytose or differentiate into dendritic cells (DCs). Overexpression of Id2 in BMMs attenuates the gene induction of nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1) and osteoclast-associated receptor (OSCAR) during TRANCE-mediated osteoclastogenesis. Furthermore, Id proteins interact with Mitf, a basic HLH (bHLH) transcription factor, and inhibit its transactivation of OSCAR, which is a costimulatory receptor expressed by osteoclast precursors, by attenuating the DNA binding ability of Mitf to the E-box site of the OSCAR promoter. Taken together, our results reveal both a new facet of negative regulation, mediated by Id proteins, as well as the mechanism whereby TRANCE signaling overcomes it, allowing osteoclastogenesis to proceed.
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