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Blood, 1 May 2006, Vol. 107, No. 9, pp. 3546-3554. Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on January 3, 2006; DOI 10.1182/blood-2005-08-3215. This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Supplemental Figures All Versions of this Article: 2005-08-3215v1 107/9/3546    most recent Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Rights and Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via CrossRef Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Zentilin, L. Articles by Giacca, M. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Zentilin, L. Articles by Giacca, M. Related Collections Hematopoiesis and Stem Cells Hemostasis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology Stem Cells in Hematology Social Bookmarking                   What's this?  Previous Article  |  Table of Contents  |  Next Article  HEMOSTASIS, THROMBOSIS, AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY Bone marrow mononuclear cells are recruited to the sites of VEGF-induced neovascularization but are not incorporated into the newly formed vessels Lorena Zentilin, Sabrina Tafuro, Serena Zacchigna, Nikola Arsic, Lucia Pattarini, Milena Sinigaglia, and Mauro Giacca From the Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy; and University of Trieste, Faculty of Medicine, Trieste, Italy. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key regulator of blood vessel formation during both vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. The prolonged expression of VEGF in the normoperfused skeletal muscles of adult rodents after gene transfer using AAV vectors induces the formation of a large set of new capillaries and small arteries. Notably, this process is accompanied by the massive infiltration by mononuclear cells. This observation raises the possibility that these cells might represent circulating progenitors that are eventually incorporated in the newly formed vessels. Here we explore this possibility by exploiting 4 different experimental models based on (a) the transplantation of male bone marrow into female recipients; (b) the transplantation of Tie2-GFP transgenic bone marrow; (c) the transplantation of bone marrow in the presence of erythropoietin (EPO), a mobilizer of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs); and (d) the reimplantation of ex vivo–expanded EPCs. In all 4 models, VEGF acted as a powerful attractor of bone marrow–derived mononuclear cells, bearing different myeloid and endothelial markers proper of the EPCs to the sites of neovascularization. In no case, however, were the attracted cells incorporated in the newly formed vasculature. These observations indicate that new blood vessel formation induced by VEGF occurs through bona fide sprouting angiogenesis; the contribution of the infiltrating bone marrow–derived cells to this process still remains enigmatic. CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this? This article has been cited by other articles: A. Zampetaki, J. P. Kirton, and Q. Xu Vascular repair by endothelial progenitor cells Cardiovasc Res, June 1, 2008; 78(3): 413 - 421. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] D. F. Alvarez, L. Huang, J. A. King, M. K. ElZarrad, M. C. Yoder, and T. 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