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Blood, 1 August 2006, Vol. 108, No. 3, pp. 1045-1049. Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on March 30, 2006; DOI 10.1182/blood-2006-01-0261. This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: 2006-01-0261v1 108/3/1045    most recent Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Rights and Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via CrossRef Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Tissing, W. J. E. Articles by Pieters, R. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Tissing, W. J. E. Articles by Pieters, R. Related Collections Gene Expression Neoplasia Related Article in Blood Online Social Bookmarking                   What's this?  Previous Article  |  Table of Contents  |  Next Article  NEOPLASIA Glucocorticoid-induced glucocorticoid-receptor expression and promoter usage is not linked to glucocorticoid resistance in childhood ALL Wim J. E. Tissing, Jules P. P. Meijerink, Bas Brinkhof, Mathilde J. C. Broekhuis, Renee X. Menezes, Monique L. den Boer, and Rob Pieters From the Department of Pediatric Oncology/Haematology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Oncology/Haematology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; and the Department of Medical Statistics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands. Glucocorticoid (GC) resistance is an adverse prognostic factor in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), but little is known about causes of GC resistance. Up-regulation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) has been suggested as an essential step to the induction of apoptosis in leukemic cells. In this study we investigated whether baseline mRNA expression levels of the 5 different GR promoter transcripts (1A1, 1A2, 1A3, 1B, and 1C) or differences in the degree of regulation of the GR or GR promoter transcripts upon GC exposure are related to GC resistance. Therefore, mRNA levels of the 5 GR promoter transcripts and of the GR were measured by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR; Taqman) technology in primary ALL cells prior to and after 3, 8, and 24 hours of prednisolone exposure. GR expression is induced upon GC exposure in primary ALL patient samples, which is opposite to what is found in tissues in which GCs do not induce apoptosis. GC resistance in childhood ALL cannot be attributed to an inability of resistant cells to up-regulate the expression of the GR upon GC exposure, nor to differences in GR promoter usage (at baseline and upon GC exposure). CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this? Related Article in Blood Online: Glucocorticoid resistance: a persistent riddle Bruce M. Camitta Blood 2006 108: 787-788. [Full Text] [PDF] This article has been cited by other articles: B. C. Bornhauser, L. Bonapace, D. Lindholm, R. Martinez, G. Cario, M. Schrappe, F. K. Niggli, B. W. Schafer, and J.-P. Bourquin Low-dose arsenic trioxide sensitizes glucocorticoid-resistant acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells to dexamethasone via an Akt-dependent pathway Blood, September 15, 2007; 110(6): 2084 - 2091. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] P. S. Bachmann, R. Gorman, R. A. Papa, J. E. Bardell, J. Ford, U. R. Kees, G. M. Marshall, and R. B. Lock Divergent Mechanisms of Glucocorticoid Resistance in Experimental Models of Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cancer Res., May 1, 2007; 67(9): 4482 - 4490. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] E. Presul, S. Schmidt, R. Kofler, and A. Helmberg Identification, tissue expression, and glucocorticoid responsiveness of alternative first exons of the human glucocorticoid receptor J. Mol. Endocrinol., January 1, 2007; 38(1): 79 - 90. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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