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Blood, 1 September 2006, Vol. 108, No. 5, pp. 1580-1587. Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on April 27, 2006; DOI 10.1182/blood-2005-11-013383. This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: blood-2005-11-013383v1 108/5/1580    most recent Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Rights and Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via CrossRef Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Titanji, K. Articles by Chiodi, F. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Titanji, K. Articles by Chiodi, F. Related Collections Immunobiology Social Bookmarking                   What's this?  Previous Article  |  Table of Contents  |  Next Article  IMMUNOBIOLOGY Loss of memory B cells impairs maintenance of long-term serologic memory during HIV-1 infection Kehmia Titanji, Angelo De Milito, Alberto Cagigi, Rigmor Thorstensson, Sven Grützmeier, Ann Atlas, Bo Hejdeman, Frank P. Kroon, Lucia Lopalco, Anna Nilsson, and Francesca Chiodi From the Microbiology and Tumor Biology Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; the Swedish Institute for Disease Control, Solna, Sweden; the Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; the Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; the Infectious Disease Clinic, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; and the Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine Research and Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC. Circulating memory B cells are severely reduced in the peripheral blood of HIV-1-infected patients. We investigated whether dysfunctional serologic memory to non-HIV antigens is related to disease progression by evaluating the frequency of memory B cells, plasma IgG, plasma levels of antibodies to measles, and Streptococcus pneumoniae, and enumerating measles-specific antibody-secreting cells in patients with primary, chronic, and long-term nonprogressive HIV-1 infection. We also evaluated the in vitro production of IgM and IgG antibodies against measles and S pneumoniae antigens following polyclonal activation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients. The percentage of memory B cells correlated with CD4+ T-cell counts in patients, thus representing a marker of disease progression. While patients with primary and chronic infection had severe defects in serologic memory, long-term nonprogressors had memory B-cell frequency and levels of antigen-specific antibodies comparable with controls. We also evaluated the effect of antiretroviral therapy on these serologic memory defects and found that antiretroviral therapy did not restore serologic memory in primary or in chronic infection. We suggest that HIV infection impairs maintenance of long-term serologic immunity to HIV-1-unrelated antigens and this defect is initiated early in infection. This may have important consequences for the response of HIV-infected patients to immunizations. CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this? This article has been cited by other articles: T. Gaufin, M. Pattison, R. Gautam, C. Stoulig, J. Dufour, J. MacFarland, D. Mandell, C. Tatum, M. H. Marx, R. M. Ribeiro, et al. 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