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Blood, 1 September 2006, Vol. 108, No. 5, pp. 1716-1723.
Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on May 2, 2006; DOI 10.1182/blood-2006-04-016113.


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NEOPLASIA

A novel mechanism for BCR-ABL action: stimulated secretion of CCN3 is involved in growth and differentiation regulation

Lynn McCallum, Susan Price, Nathalie Planque, Bernard Perbal, Andrew Pierce, Anthony D. Whetton, and Alexandra E. Irvine

From the Department of Haematology, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom; Laboratoire d'Oncologie Virale et Moleculaire, UFR de Biochimie, Universite Paris7-D-Diderot, Paris, France; and the Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Christie Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom.

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is characterized by the presence of the constitutively active BCR-ABL protein tyrosine kinase. Using a multipotent hemopoietic cell line, FDCP-Mix, expressing BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase, we investigated the initial effects of this kinase in primitive hematopoietic stem cells. We identified down-regulation of a novel gene, CCN3, as a direct consequence of BCR-ABL kinase activity. CCN3 has been reported to function as a tumor suppressor gene in solid tumors. Northern and Western blotting plus immunocytochemical analysis confirmed CCN3 expression is decreased and is tyrosine-phosphorylated in BCR-ABL kinase active FDCP-Mix cells. Decreased cellular CCN3 correlated with increased CCN3 secretion in BCR-ABL kinase active cells. In vitro treatment of human CML cell lines with imatinib or siRNA directed against BCR-ABL significantly reduced BCR-ABL while increasing CCN3 expression. Cells from patients responding to imatinib showed a similar decrease in BCR-ABL and increase in CCN3. CML CD34+ cells treated with imatinib in vitro demonstrated increased CCN3 protein. Transfecting CCN3 into BCR-ABL+ cells inhibited proliferation and decreased clonogenic potential. CCN3 plays an important role in internal and external cell-signaling pathways. Thus, BCR-ABL can regulate protein levels by governing secretion, a novel mechanism for this tyrosine kinase.


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