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 Blood, 1 February 2007, Vol. 109, No. 3, pp. 1220-1227.
Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on October 10, 2006; DOI 10.1182/blood-2006-04-015149.

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NEOPLASIA

Targeting mitochondrial factor Smac/DIABLO as therapy for multiple myeloma (MM)

Dharminder Chauhan1, Paola Neri1, Mugdha Velankar1, Klaus Podar1, Teru Hideshima1, Mariateresa Fulciniti1, Pierfrancesco Tassone1, Noopur Raje1, Constantine Mitsiades1, Nicholas Mitsiades1, Paul Richardson1, Leigh Zawel3, Mary Tran3, Nikhil Munshi2, and Kenneth C. Anderson1

1 The Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and 2 Veterans Administration Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and 3 Department of Oncology, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA

Second mitochondria–derived activator of caspases (Smac) promotes apoptosis via activation of caspases. Here we show that a low-molecular-weight Smac mimetic LBW242 induces apoptosis in multiple myeloma (MM) cells resistant to conventional and bortezomib therapies. Examination of purified patient MM cells demonstrated similar results, without significant cytotoxicity against normal lymphocytes and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). Importantly, LBW242 abrogates paracrine MM cell growth triggered by their adherence to BMSCs and overcomes MM cell growth and drug-resistance conferred by interleukin-6 or insulinlike growth factor-1. Overexpression of Bcl-2 similarly does not affect LBW242-induced cytotoxicity. Mechanistic studies show that LBW242-induced apoptosis in MM cells is associated with activation of caspase-8, caspase-9, and caspase-3, followed by PARP cleavage. In human MM xenograft mouse models, LBW242 is well tolerated, inhibits tumor growth, and prolongs survival. Importantly, combining LBW242 with novel agents, including tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) or the proteasome inhibitors bortezomib and NPI-0052, as well as with the conventional anti-MM agent melphalan, induces additive/synergistic anti-MM activity. Our study therefore provides the rationale for clinical protocols evaluating LBW242, alone and together with other anti-MM agents, to improve patient outcome in MM.


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