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Blood, 1 May 2007, Vol. 109, No. 9, pp. 3929-3935.
Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on January 11, 2007; DOI 10.1182/blood-2006-11-056366.


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NEOPLASIA

Genomewide identification of prednisolone-responsive genes in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells

Wim J. E. Tissing1,2, Monique L. den Boer1, Jules P. P. Meijerink1, Renee X. Menezes1,3, Sigrid Swagemakers4, Peter J. van der Spek4, Stephen E. Sallan5, Scott A. Armstrong5, and Rob Pieters1

1 Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Erasmus MC/Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; 2 Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands; 3 Center for Human and Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands; 4 Department of Bioinformatics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; 5 Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA

Glucocorticoids are keystone drugs in the treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). To get more insight in signal transduction pathways involved in glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis, Affymetrix U133A GeneChips were used to identify transcriptionally regulated genes on 3 and 8 hours of prednisolone exposure in leukemic cells of 13 children as compared with nonexposed cells. Following 3 hours of exposure no significant changes in gene expression could be identified. Following 8 hours of exposure, 51 genes were differentially expressed (P < .001 and false discovery rate < 10%) with 39 genes being up-regulated (median, 2.4-fold) and 12 genes were down-regulated (median, 1.7-fold). Twenty-one of those genes have not been identified before to be transcriptionally regulated by prednisolone. Two of the 3 most highly up-regulated genes were tumor suppressor genes, that is, thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP; 3.7-fold) and zinc finger and BTB domain containing 16 (ZBTB16; 8.8-fold). About 50% of the differentially expressed genes were functionally categorized in 3 major routes, namely MAPK pathways (9 genes), NF-{kappa}B signaling (11 genes), and carbohydrate metabolism (5 genes). Biologic characterization of these genes and pathways might elucidate the action of glucocorticoids in ALL cells, possibly suggesting causes of glucocorticoid resistance and new potential targets for therapy.


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