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Blood, 1 December 2007, Vol. 110, No. 12, pp. 4123-4128.
Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on August 16, 2007; DOI 10.1182/blood-2007-06-095646.
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TRANSFUSION MEDICINE
Effect of the complement inhibitor eculizumab on thromboembolism in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Peter Hillmen1,
Petra Muus2,
Ulrich Dührsen3,
Antonio M. Risitano4,
Jörg Schubert5,
Lucio Luzzatto6,
Hubert Schrezenmeier7,
Jeffrey Szer8,
Robert A. Brodsky9,
Anita Hill1,
Gerard Socié10,
Monica Bessler11,
Scott A. Rollins12,
Leonard Bell12,
Russell P. Rother12, and
Neal S. Young13
1 Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom;
2 Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
3 University Essen, Essen, Germany;
4 Federico II University, Naples, Italy;
5 Saarland University Medical School, Homburg-Saarland, Germany;
6 Istituto Toscano Tumori, Florence, Italy;
7 Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital, Ulm, Germany;
8 Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia;
9 Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD;
10 Hôpital Saint-Louis and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France;
11 Washington University, St Louis, MO;
12 Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Cheshire, CT; and
13 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD
Hemolysis and hemoglobinemia contribute to serious clinical sequelae in hemolytic disorders. In paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) patients, hemolysis can contribute to thromboembolism (TE), the most feared complication in PNH, and the leading cause of disease-related deaths. We evaluated whether long-term treatment with the complement inhibitor eculizumab reduces the rate of TE in patients with PNH. Clinical trial participants included all patients in the 3 eculizumab PNH clinical studies, which recruited patients between 2002 and 2005 (n = 195); patients from these studies continued treatment in the current multinational open-label extension study. Thromboembolism rate with eculizumab treatment was compared with the pretreatment rate in the same patients. The TE event rate with eculizumab treatment was 1.07 events/100 patient-years compared with 7.37 events/100 patient-years (P < .001) prior to eculizumab treatment (relative reduction, 85%; absolute reduction, 6.3 TE events/100 patient-years). With equalization of the duration of exposure before and during treatment for each patient, TE events were reduced from 39 events before eculizumab to 3 events during eculizumab (P < .001). The TE event rate in antithrombotic-treated patients (n = 103) was reduced from 10.61 to 0.62 events/100 patient-years with eculizumab treatment (P < .001). These results show that eculizumab treatment reduces the risk of clinical thromboembolism in patients with PNH. This study is registered at http://clinicaltrials.gov (study ID no. NCT00122317
[ClinicalTrials.gov]
).
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