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Blood, 15 September 2007, Vol. 110, No. 6, pp. 1942-1949.
Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on May 14, 2007; DOI 10.1182/blood-2007-03-079699.


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IMMUNOBIOLOGY

Small-molecule agonists of SHIP1 inhibit the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway in hematopoietic cells

Christopher J. Ong1,8,9, Andrew Ming-Lum1,2,8, Matt Nodwell3, Ali Ghanipour1,2,8, Lu Yang3, David E. Williams3, Joseph Kim1,2,8, Loutfig Demirjian1,2,8, Pooran Qasimi1,2,8, Jens Ruschmann6,7, Li-Ping Cao7, Kewei Ma4, Stephen W. Chung1,8, Vincent Duronio4, Raymond J. Andersen3, Gerald Krystal5,7, and Alice L.-F. Mui1,2,8

Departments of1 Surgery, 2 Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3 Chemistry and Earth and Ocean Sciences, 4 Medicine, 5 Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; 6 Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Takustr, Freie Universität-Berlin, Germany; 7 Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency; 8 Immunity and Infection Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada; 9 Prostate Centre at Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada

Because phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) plays a central role in cellular activation, proliferation, and survival, pharmacologic inhibitors targeting components of the PI3K pathway are actively being developed as therapeutics for the treatment of inflammatory disorders and cancer. These targeted drugs inhibit the activity of either PI3K itself or downstream protein kinases. However, a previously unexplored, alternate strategy is to activate the negative regulatory phosphatases in this pathway. The SH2-containing inositol-5'-phosphatase SHIP1 is a normal physiologic counter-regulator of PI3K in immune/hematopoietic cells that hydrolyzes the PI3K product phosphatidylinositiol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3). We now describe the identification and characterization of potent and specific small-molecule activators of SHIP1. These compounds represent the first small-molecule activators of a phosphatase, and are able to activate recombinant SHIP1 enzyme in vitro and stimulate SHIP1 activity in intact macrophage and mast cells. Mechanism of activation studies with these compounds suggest that they bind a previously undescribed, allosteric activation domain within SHIP1. Furthermore, in vivo administration of these compounds was protective in mouse models of endotoxemia and acute cutaneous anaphylaxis, suggesting that SHIP1 agonists could be used therapeutically to inhibit the PI3K pathway.


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