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Blood, 1 November 2007, Vol. 110, No. 9, pp. 3226-3233. Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on July 20, 2007; DOI 10.1182/blood-2006-12-064360.
IMMUNOBIOLOGY RNA fingerprints provide direct evidence for the inhibitory role of TGFß and PD-1 on CD4+ T cells in Hodgkin lymphoma1 Molecular Tumor Biology and Tumor Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; 2 Abramson Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA A hallmark of various human malignancies is the expression of immunoinhibitory factors within the tumor microenvironment. There is indirect evidence based on in vitro experiments that tumor-infiltrating T cells in human malignancies are suppressed by such factors. Still, direct evidence of the influence of individual inhibitory factors on immune cells in human cancer in vivo is lacking. To address this question, we used Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) as a model because histopathological characteristics of HL are thought to be due mostly to the effects of a wide variety of cytokines, including TGFß or membrane-bound receptors such as PD-1 that are suspected to contribute to immune evasion of tumor cells. Using a genome-wide transcriptional approach, we established specific RNA fingerprints of TGFß and PD-1 signaling in human T cells in vitro. Applying these specific fingerprints, we directly demonstrate that CD4+ T cells in HL—but not in follicular lymphoma (FL)—are under the inhibitory influence of both TGFß and PD-1 in vivo. This approach can be easily generalized to provide direct evidence of the impact of any given soluble or cell-bound factor on any cell type within diseased tissue.
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