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Blood, 1 February 2008, Vol. 111, No. 3, pp. 1464-1471.
Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on November 15, 2007; DOI 10.1182/blood-2007-08-108050.
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IMMUNOBIOLOGY
CD28 provides T-cell costimulation and enhances PI3K activity at the immune synapse independently of its capacity to interact with the p85/p110 heterodimer
Fabien Garçon1,
Daniel T. Patton1,
Juliet L. Emery1,
Emilio Hirsch2,
Robert Rottapel3,
Takehiko Sasaki4, and
Klaus Okkenhaug1
1 Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signaling and Development, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom;
2 Department of Genetics, Biology and Biochemistry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy;
3 Princess Margaret Hospital/Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, ON;
4 Department of Pathology and Immunology, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
Activation of PI3K is among the earliest signaling events observed in T cells after conjugate formation with antigen-presenting cells (APCs). The relevant PI3K catalytic isoform and relative contribution of the TcR and CD28 to PI3K activity at the immune synapse have not been determined unequivocally. Using a quantitative imaging-based assay, we show that the PI3K activity at the T cell–APC contact area is dependent on the p110 , but not the p110 , isoform of PI3K. CD28 enhanced PIP3 production at the T-cell synapse independently of its YMNM PI3K-recruitment motif that instead was required for efficient PKC recruitment. CD28 could partially compensate for the lack of p110 activity during T-cell activation, which indicates that CD28 and p110 act in parallel and complementary pathways to activate T cells. Consistent with this, CD28 and p110 double-deficient mice were severely immune compromised. We therefore suggest that combined pharmaceutic targeting of p110 activity and CD28 costimulation has potent therapeutic potential.

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