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Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on May 17, 2002; DOI 10.1182/blood-2001-11-0067. This Article Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: 2001-11-0067v1 100/4/1133    most recent Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Rights and Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via CrossRef Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Brown, B. D Articles by Lillicrap, D. P Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Brown, B. D Articles by Lillicrap, D. P Social Bookmarking                   What's this? Submitted November 28, 2001 Accepted March 29, 2002 Dangerous Liaisons: The Role of 'Danger' Signals in the Immune Response to Gene Therapy Brian D Brown and David P Lillicrap* Department of Pathology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada * Corresponding author; email: lillicrap{at}cliff.path.queensu.ca. Recent studies in gene transfer suggest the innate immune system plays a significant role in impeding gene therapy. In this review, we examine factors that might influence the recruitment and activation of the innate system in the context of gene therapy. We have adopted a novel model of immunology which contends that the immune system does not distinguish between self and non-self, but what is dangerous and what is not dangerous. In taking this perspective, we provide an alternative and complementary insight into some of the failures and successes of current gene therapy protocols. CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this? This article has been cited by other articles: B. D. Brown, A. Cantore, A. Annoni, L. S. Sergi, A. Lombardo, P. Della Valle, A. D'Angelo, and L. Naldini A microRNA-regulated lentiviral vector mediates stable correction of hemophilia B mice Blood, December 15, 2007; 110(13): 4144 - 4152. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] J. S. Cameron, L. Alexopoulou, J. A. Sloane, A. B. DiBernardo, Y. Ma, B. Kosaras, R. Flavell, S. M. Strittmatter, J. Volpe, R. Sidman, et al. Toll-Like Receptor 3 Is a Potent Negative Regulator of Axonal Growth in Mammals J. Neurosci., November 21, 2007; 27(47): 13033 - 13041. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] D. Lillicrap Inducing Tregs with hepatic gene therapy Blood, August 15, 2007; 110(4): 1089 - 1089. [Full Text] [PDF] A. Wallace, D. F. LaRosa, V. Kapoor, J. Sun, G. Cheng, A. Jassar, A. Blouin, L.-M. Ching, and S. M. Albelda The Vascular Disrupting Agent, DMXAA, Directly Activates Dendritic Cells through a MyD88-Independent Mechanism and Generates Antitumor Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Cancer Res., July 15, 2007; 67(14): 7011 - 7019. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] D.-A. Gross, P. Chappert, M. Leboeuf, V. Monteilhet, L. Van Wittenberghe, O. Danos, and J. Davoust Simple conditioning with monospecific CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells for bone marrow engraftment and tolerance to multiple gene products Blood, September 15, 2006; 108(6): 1841 - 1848. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] E. Dobrzynski and R. W. Herzog Tolerance Induction by Viral In Vivo Gene Transfer Clin. Med. Res., November 1, 2005; 3(4): 234 - 240. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] A. Follenzi, M. Battaglia, A. Lombardo, A. Annoni, M. G. Roncarolo, and L. Naldini Targeting lentiviral vector expression to hepatocytes limits transgene-specific immune response and establishes long-term expression of human antihemophilic factor IX in mice Blood, May 15, 2004; 103(10): 3700 - 3709. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] B. D. Brown, C. X. Shi, S. Powell, D. Hurlbut, F. L. Graham, and D. Lillicrap Helper-dependent adenoviral vectors mediate therapeutic factor VIII expression for several months with minimal accompanying toxicity in a canine model of severe hemophilia A Blood, February 1, 2004; 103(3): 804 - 810. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] J. Kochling, S. A. Konig-Merediz, R. Stripecke, D. Buchwald, A. Korte, H. G. von Einsiedel, F. Sack, G. Henze, K. Seeger, B. Wittig, et al. Protection of Mice against Philadelphia Chromosome-positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia by Cell-based Vaccination Using Nonviral, Minimalistic Expression Vectors and Immunomodulatory Oligonucleotides Clin. Cancer Res., August 1, 2003; 9(8): 3142 - 3149. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] C. Baum, J. Dullmann, Z. Li, B. Fehse, J. Meyer, D. A. Williams, and C. von Kalle Side effects of retroviral gene transfer into hematopoietic stem cells Blood, March 15, 2003; 101(6): 2099 - 2113. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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