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Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on May 13, 2002; DOI 10.1182/blood-2001-11-0122.

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Submitted December 3, 2001
Accepted April 27, 2002

Role of PI3-kinase-dependent Bad phosphorylation and altered transcription in cytokine-mediated neutrophil survival

Andrew S Cowburn, Karen A Cadwallader, Benjamin J Reed, Neda Farahi, and Edwin R Chilvers*

Respiratory Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke's and Papworth Hospitals, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom

* Corresponding author; email: erc24{at}hermes.cam.ac.uk.

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) dependent phosphorylation of the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family member Bad has been proposed as an important regulator of apoptotic cell death. To understand the importance of this pathway in non-transformed haematopoietic cells we have examined the effect of survival cytokines on PI3-kinase activity and Bad expression and phosphorylation status in human neutrophils. GM-CSF and TNF{alpha} both reduced the rate of apoptosis in neutrophils cultured in vitro for 20 hrs. Co-incubation with the PI3-kinase inhibitor LY294002, which in parallel experiments abolished GM-CSF primed, fMLP-stimulated superoxide anion production and GM-CSF-stimulated PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 accumulation, inhibited the GM-CSF and TNF{alpha} survival effect. In contrast, the MEK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 and the PKA inhibitor H-89 had only a marginal effect on GM-CSF-mediated neutrophil survival. GM-CSF substantially increased Bad phosphorylation at ser-112 and ser-136 and increased the cytosolic accumulation of Bad. GM-CSF also regulated Bad at a transcription level with a marked decrease in mRNA levels at 4 hrs. TNF{alpha} caused a biphasic effect on the rate of morphological apoptosis, which corresponded to an early increase, and late inhibition, of Bad mRNA levels. LY294002 inhibited both GM-CSF and TNF{alpha}-mediated changes in Bad phosphorylation and mRNA levels. These data suggest that the survival effect of GM-CSF and TNF{alpha} in neutrophils is caused by a PI3-kinase-dependent phosphorylation and cytosolic translocation of Bad together with an inhibition of Bad mRNA levels. This has important implications for the regulation of neutrophil apoptosis in vivo.


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