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Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on April 30, 2002; DOI 10.1182/blood-2001-12-0191.
Submitted December 6, 2001
Accepted February 1, 2002
HOST-DEFENCE ROLE OF PLATELETS :HIV AND S. AUREUS ENGULFMENT OCCURS IN A SPECIFIC SUBCELLULAR COMPARTMENT AND IS ENHANCED BY PLATELET ACTIVATION
Tayebeh Youssefian, Jean-Marc Masse, Josette Guichard, and Elisabeth M Cramer*
* Corresponding author; email: elisabeth.cramer{at}cochin.inserm.fr.
Platelets can bind and phagocytose infectious microorganisms, and so enable their transport for a prolonged time. In order to investigate the subcellular events of these interactions, platelets were incubated either with S. aureus or with HIV virus and analysed by electron microscopy (EM) and immuno-EM. HIV and bacteria internalization occured exclusively within platelets showing morphological evidence of activation. Platelet activation enhanced the degree of bacterial internalization. Immunolabeling revealed that the engulfing vacuoles and the open canalicular system (OCS) were composed of distinct antigens. The engulfing vacuoles eventually became the site of prominent  -granule release. In platelets incubated with HIV, characteristic endocytic vacuoles were identified close to the plasma membrane, tightly surrounding one or two HIV particles. Virus particles were also located within the OCS. Immunogold labeling for the viral core protein p24 confirmed the presence of HIV within platelets. Finally, examination of platelets from a patient with AIDS and high viremia suggested that HIV endocytosis may also occur in vivo.
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