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Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on May 17, 2002; DOI 10.1182/blood-2002-01-0048.

Submitted January 8, 2002
Accepted April 15, 2002
A Randomized Multicentre Comparison of Bone Marrow and Peripheral Blood in Recipients of Matched Sibling Allogeneic Transplants for Myeloid Malignancies
Stephen Couban*, Stephen Couban, David R Simpson, David R. Simpson, Michael J Barnett, Michael J. Barnett, Christopher Bredeson, Christopher Bredeson, Lothar Hubesch, Lothar Hubesch, Kang Howson-Jan, Kang Howson-Jan, Tsiporah B Shore, Tsiporah B. Shore, Irwin R Walker, Irwin R. Walker, Peter Browett, Peter Browett, Hans A Messner, Hans A. Messner, Tony Panzarella, Tony Panzarella, Jeffrey H Lipton, and Jeffrey H. Lipton
Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
North Shore Hospital, Takapuna, Auckland, New Zealand
Vancouver Hospital and Health Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Statistical Center Statistical Center of the International Bone Marrow Transplant Registry, Health Policy Instituteof the International Bone Marrow Transplant Registry, Health Policy Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
Department of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Department of Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada; London Regional Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
Division of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
Department of Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
* Corresponding author; email: scouban{at}is.dal.ca.
Background
Cytokine-mobilized peripheral blood is increasingly used instead of bone marrow as the source of cells for allogeneic transplantation. While such cytokine-mobilized peripheral blood cells lead to faster hematologic recovery, their effects on graft-versus-host disease, relapse and survival are less certain.
Methods
Between January 1996 and February 2000, 228 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia or myelodysplasia were randomized to receive either bone marrow or peripheral blood allografts from HLA-matched siblings. All patients received busulfan and cyclophosphamide as conditioning chemotherapy and cyclosporine and methotrexate as graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis. We compared the time to neutrophil and platelet recovery, acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease, relapse and overall survival between the two groups.
Results
The median time to neutrophil recovery was 19 days and 23 days and the time to platelet recovery was 16 days and 22 days in the peripheral blood and bone marrow groups (P<0.0001 for both comparisons). The cumulative incidence of grades II-IV acute graft-versus-host disease 100 days following transplant was 44% in both groups (hazard ratio, 0.99; 95% confidence interval, 0.66 to 1.49; P>0.9) and of extensive chronic graft-versus-host disease at 30 months post-transplant was 40% with peripheral blood and 30% with bone marrow (hazard ratio, 1.23; 95% confidence interval, 0.78 to 1.96; P=0.37). There was no statistically significant difference in the probability of relapse of the underlying disease between the two groups. The probability of survival at 30 months post-transplant was 68% and 60% in the peripheral blood and bone marrow groups respectively (hazard ratio, 0.62; 95% confidence interval, 0.39 to 0.97; P=0.04).
Conclusions
In patients with chronic myeloid leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplasia undergoing allogeneic transplantation from matched siblings, the use of peripheral blood instead of bone marrow leads to faster hematologic recovery, similar risk of graft-versus-host disease and improved survival.

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