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Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on April 17, 2002; DOI 10.1182/blood-2002-01-0226.
Submitted January 25, 2002
Accepted February 1, 2002
Prospective study of hepatitis C viral infection as a risk factor for subsequent B cell neoplasia
Charles S Rabkin*, Beatriz H Tess, Roberta E Christianson, William E Wright, David J Waters, Harvey J Alter, and Bea J van den Berg
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
Child Health and Development Studies, Berkeley, CA, USA
Cancer Surveillance Section, California Department of Health Services, Sacramento, CA, USA
Science Applications International Corporation, Frederick, MD, USA
Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
* Corresponding author; email: rabkinc{at}mail.nih.gov.
Several case-control studies have found increased prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and other B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. We examined whether HCV infection preceded the development of these neoplasms in a prospective cohort study of 48,420 individuals in northern California. Stored sera from 95 subjects with NHL (n=57), multiple myeloma (n=24), or Hodgkin's disease (n=14) diagnosed a mean of 21 years after phlebotomy were screened for antibodies to HCV as well as viral RNA, based on previous reports of antibody-negative viremia. Sera from 4 cases and one of 95 age-, sex-, and race matched controls were repeatedly reactive by enzyme immunoassay but none were confirmed by recombinant immunoblot assay; none of the case sera had HCV RNA by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. While acquisition in later life cannot be ruled out, these prospective data do not support a substantial role of chronic HCV infection in the etiology of B-cell neoplasia.
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