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Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on May 17, 2002; DOI 10.1182/blood-2002-01-0256.

Submitted January 31, 2002
Accepted April 1, 2002
Copper Deficiency Masquerading as Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Xylina T Gregg, Vishnu T Reddy, and Josef T Prchal*
Department of Medicine, Baylor College, Houston, TX, USA
Depatment of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham Alabama, AL, USA
* Corresponding author; email: JPrchal{at}bcm.tmc.edu.
We describe a severely neutropenic, red cell transfusion dependent female, with previous Bilroth II surgery, whose marrow morphology was typical of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with ringed sideroblasts. She had a transient reversal of her anemia and severe neutropenia following erythropoietin and granulocyte colony stimulating factor therapy. Because of relapse while on growth factors, she was referred for allogeneic bone marrow transplantation and a pre-transplant nutritional evaluation revealed severe copper deficiency; her hematological abnormalities fully resolved with copper therapy.
This report underscores that copper deficiency should be an integral part of the differential diagnosis of sideroblastic MDS, even in patients not requiring parenteral nutrition.

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