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Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on April 17, 2002; DOI 10.1182/blood-2002-01-0295. This Article Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: 2002-01-0295v1 100/8/2845    most recent Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Rights and Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via CrossRef Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Lambert, N. C Articles by Nelson, J. L. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Lambert, N. C Articles by Nelson, J. L. Social Bookmarking                   What's this? Submitted January 31, 2002 Accepted March 25, 2002 Male microchimerism in healthy women and women with scleroderma: cells or circulating DNA? A quantitative answer Nathalie C Lambert*, Y.M. Dennis Lo, Timothy D Erickson, Tracy S Tylee, Katherine A Guthrie, Daniel E Furst, and J. Lee Nelson Human Immunogenetics, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China Rheumatology, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA Human Immunogenetics, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Rheumatology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA * Corresponding author; email: nlambert{at}fhcrc.org. Male DNA, of presumed fetal origin, can be detected in the maternal circulation decades after delivery and is referred to as fetal microchimerism (FM). We previously found quantitatively greater FM in the circulation of women with the autoimmune disease scleroderma (SSc) than healthy women. However, it is unknown whether this This difference is could be due to intact circulating cells or free DNA, released from breakdown in disease-affected tissues. To distinguish the origin of FM, we developed a real time quantitative PCR assay for the Y-chromosome specific sequence DYS14, and tested 114 women in PBMC and/or plasma. Fifty-seven controls and 57 SSc patients were studied, 44 and 43 of whom respectively, had given birth to at least one son. Circulating FM was quantitatively greater in PBMC from SSc patients (n=39), range: 0.0-12.5 genome equivalents/million of maternal cells, compared to healthy women (n=39), range: 0.0-4.4 (p=0.03). In contrast, there was no difference between patients (n= 25) and controls (n=22) in plasma, and no evidence of free DNA. FM was enriched among T lymphocytes compared to PBMC (p=0.01) in controls (n=14), but not in SSc patients (n=14), the latter most likely possibly due to immunosuppressive medications use. In conclusion, this the real-time quantitative assay distinguished that quantitative differences in the circulation of SSc women are due to cells and not to free DNA. This technique provides a tool to precisely quantify cellular subsets thereby helping to clarify the role of FM in the healthy host and patients with SSc or other diseases. CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this? This article has been cited by other articles: T. H. Brix, P. S. Hansen, K. O. Kyvik, and L. Hegedus Aggregation of Thyroid Autoantibodies in Twins from Opposite-Sex Pairs Suggests that Microchimerism May Play a Role in the Early Stages of Thyroid Autoimmunity J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 2009; 94(11): 4439 - 4443. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] Y. Fujiki, K. L. Johnson, I. Peter, H. Tighiouart, and D. W. Bianchi Fetal Cells in the Pregnant Mouse Are Diverse and Express a Variety of Progenitor and Differentiated Cell Markers Biol Reprod, July 1, 2009; 81(1): 26 - 32. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] J. M. Rak, P. P. Pagni, K. Tiev, Y. Allanore, D. Farge, J.-R. Harle, D. Launay, E. Hachulla, R. Didelot, J. Cabane, et al. 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