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Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on July 5, 2002; DOI 10.1182/blood-2002-04-1041.

Submitted April 4, 2002
Accepted June 17, 2002
Single-chain antigen recognition receptors that co-stimulate potent rejection of established experimental tumors
Nicole M Haynes, Joseph A Trapani, Michele W L Teng, Jacob T Jackson, Stephen M Jane, Loretta Cerutti, Michael H Kershaw, Mark J Smyth, and Phillip K Darcy*
Cancer Immunology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
Rotary Bone Marrow Research Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
* Corresponding author; email: p.darcy{at}pmci.unimelb.edu.au.
Tumor cells are usually weakly immunogenic as they largely express self-antigens and can down-regulate major histocompatability complex/peptide molecules and critical co-stimulatory ligands. The challenge for immunotherapies has been to provide vigorous immune effector cells that circumvent these tumor escape mechanisms and eradicate established tumors. One promising approach is to engineer T cells with single chain antibody receptors, and since T cells require two distinct signals for optimal activation, we have compared therapeutic efficacy of erbB2-reactive chimeric receptors that contain either TCR- or CD28/TCR- signaling domains. We have demonstrated that primary mouse CD8+ T lymphocytes expressing the scFv-CD28- receptor have a greater capacity to secrete Tc1 cytokines, induce T-cell proliferation, and inhibit established tumor growth and metastases in vivo. The suppression of established tumor burden by cytotoxic T cells expressing the CD28/TCR- chimera was critically dependent upon their IFN- secretion. Our study has illustrated the practical advantage of engineering a T cell signaling complex that co-delivers CD28 activation, dependent only upon the tumors expression of the appropriate tumor associated antigen.

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