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Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on October 17, 2002; DOI 10.1182/blood-2002-04-1084. This Article Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: 2002-04-1084v1 101/6/2419    most recent Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Rights and Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via CrossRef Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Allain, J.-P. Articles by Opare-Sem, O. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Allain, J.-P. Articles by Opare-Sem, O. Social Bookmarking                   What's this? Submitted April 10, 2002 Accepted September 16, 2002 The risk of hepatitis B virus infection by transfusion in Kumasi, Ghana Jean-Pierre Allain*, Daniel Candotti, Kate Soldan, Francis Sarkodie, Bruce Phelps, Cristina Giachetti, Ventkatakrishna Shyamala, Francis Yeboah, Margaret Anokwa, Shirley Owusu-Ofori, and Ohene Opare-Sem Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom East Anglia Blood Centre, National Blood Service, Cambridge, United Kingdom Public Health Laboratory Service and National Blood Service, London, United Kingdom Department of Medicine, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana Chiron Corporation, Emeryville, CA, USA Gen-Probe, San Diego, CA, USA Department of Biochemistry, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana * Corresponding author; email: jpa1000{at}cam.ac.uk. The risk of HBV transmission by transfusion in Sub-Saharan Africa is considered to be relatively low and testing of blood donors is often not done, or done relatively poorly. To re-examine this attitude, HBV chronically infected blood donors from a major hospital in Ghana were identified with a range of HBsAg assays. Test efficacy was estimated using HBV DNA as a gold standard and the risk of HBV infection in blood recipients was estimated for different testing strategies. Particle agglutination, dipstick, and enzyme immunoassay (EIA) HBsAg screening detected 54, 71 and 97% of HBV infectious donors, respectively. The risk of HBV transmission to recipients less than 10 years old ranged between 1:11 and 1:326 with blood unscreened and screened by EIA, respectively. For older recipients, the risk decreased a further four-fold due to the high frequency of natural exposure to HBV. 98% of HBsAg confirmed positive samples contained HBV DNA. HBV DNA load was < 1x104 IU/ml in 75% of HBsAg reactive samples, most of them anti-HBe reactive. Approximately 0.5% of HBsAg negative but anti-HBc positive samples contained HBV DNA. The use of sensitive HBsAg tests is critical to prevent transfusion-transmission of HBV infection to young children in a population with 15% prevalence of chronic HBV infection in blood donors. However, this will not have much effect on the prevalence of this infection unless other strategies to protect children from infection are also advanced in parallel. CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this? This article has been cited by other articles: P. Garmiri, A. Loua, N. Haba, D. Candotti, and J.-P. Allain Deletions and recombinations in the core region of hepatitis B virus genotype E strains from asymptomatic blood donors in Guinea, west Africa J. Gen. Virol., October 1, 2009; 90(10): 2442 - 2451. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] Y.-H. Lin, Y. Wang, A. Loua, G.-J. Day, Y. Qiu, E. C. B. Nadala Jr., J.-P. Allain, and H. H. Lee Evaluation of a New Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigen Rapid Test with Improved Sensitivity J. Clin. Microbiol., October 1, 2008; 46(10): 3319 - 3324. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] A. Zahn, C. Li, K. Danso, D. Candotti, S. Owusu-Ofori, J. Temple, and J.-P. Allain Molecular characterization of occult hepatitis B virus in genotype E-infected subjects J. Gen. Virol., February 1, 2008; 89(2): 409 - 418. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] P. Manzini, M. Girotto, R. Borsotti, O. Giachino, R. Guaschino, M. Lanteri, D. Testa, P. Ghiazza, M. Vacchini, F. Danielle, et al. Italian blood donors with anti-HBc and occult hepatitis B virus infection Haematologica, December 1, 2007; 92(12): 1664 - 1670. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] D. Candotti, K. Danso, and J.-P. Allain Maternofetal transmission of hepatitis B virus genotype E in Ghana, west Africa J. Gen. Virol., October 1, 2007; 88(10): 2686 - 2695. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] C. M. 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