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Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on April 3, 2003; DOI 10.1182/blood-2002-04-1154.

Submitted April 16, 2002
Accepted March 25, 2003
Inhibition of NF- B essentially contributes to arsenic-induced apoptosis
Stephan Mathas*, Andreas Lietz, Martin Janz, Michael Hinz, Franziska Jundt, Claus Scheidereit, Kurt Bommert, and Bernd Doerken
Max-Delbruck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Charite, Robert-Rossle-Klinik, Humbolt University, Berlin, Germany
* Corresponding author; email: mathas{at}rrk-berlin.de.
Arsenic can induce apoptosis and is an efficient drug for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia. Currently, clinical studies are investigating arsenic as a therapeutic agent for a variety of malignancies. In this study, Hodgkin-/Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cell lines served as model systems to characterize the role of NF- B in arsenic induced apoptosis. Arsenic rapidly down-regulated constitutive I B kinase (IKK) as well as NF- B activity and induced apoptosis in HRS cell lines containing functional I B proteins. In these cell lines, apoptosis could be blocked by inhibition of caspase-8 and caspase-3 like activity. Furthermore, arsenic treatment down-regulated NF- B target genes, including TRAF1, c-IAP2, IL-13 and CCR7. In contrast, cell lines with mutated, functionally inactive I B proteins or with a weak constitutive IKK/NF- B activity showed no alteration of the NF- B activity and were resistant to arsenic induced apoptosis. A direct role of the NF- B pathway in arsenic induced apoptosis is shown by transient overexpression of NF- B-p65 in L540Cy HRS cells, which protected the cells from arsenic induced apoptosis. In addition, treatment of NOD/SCID mice with arsenic trioxide induced a dramatic reduction of xenotransplanted L540Cy Hodgkin tumors concomitant with NF- B inhibition. We conclude, that inhibition of NF- B contributes to arsenic induced apoptosis. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of the IKK/NF- B activity might be a powerful treatment option for Hodgkin's lymphoma.

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