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Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on August 22, 2002; DOI 10.1182/blood-2002-05-1580. This Article Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: 2002-05-1580v1 101/1/245    most recent Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Rights and Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via CrossRef Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Feng, H. Articles by Katsanis, E. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Feng, H. Articles by Katsanis, E. Social Bookmarking                   What's this? Submitted May 29, 2002 Accepted August 7, 2002 Exogenous stress proteins enhance the immunogenicity of apoptotic tumor cells and stimulate anti-tumor immunity Hanping Feng, Yi Zeng, Michael W Graner, Anna Likhacheva, and Emmanuel Katsanis* Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA * Corresponding author; email: katsanis{at}peds.arizona.edu. We have previously reported that apoptotic tumor cells can be either immunogenic or non-immunogenic in vivo, depending upon whether or not these cells are heat stressed before apoptosis induction. Stressed apoptotic cells express heat shock proteins on their plasma membranes, and dendritic cells, are capable of distinguishing them from non-stressed apoptotic cells. Here we provide evidence that when purified heat shock protein 70 or chaperone-rich cell lysate (CRCL) from syngeneic normal tissue are used as adjuvants with non-immunogenic apoptotic tumor cells in vaccination, potent anti-tumor immunity can be generated. This anti-tumor immunity is T-cell mediated, since anti-tumor effects are not observed in either severe combined immunodeficiency or T-cell-depleted mice. We further demonstrate that vaccination of mice with apoptotic tumor cells mixed with liver-derived CRCL as adjuvant were capable of enhancing the production of TH1 cytokines, inducing specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes and eliciting long-lasting anti-tumor immunity. Stress proteins from autologous normal tissue components therefore can serve as danger signals to enhance the immunogenicity of apoptotic tumor cells and stimulate tumor-specific immunity. CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this? This article has been cited by other articles: N. Larmonier, J. Cantrell, C. LaCasse, G. Li, N. Janikashvili, E. Situ, M. Sepassi, S. Andreansky, and E. Katsanis Chaperone-rich tumor cell lysate-mediated activation of antigen-presenting cells resists regulatory T cell suppression J. Leukoc. 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