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Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on August 8, 2002; DOI 10.1182/blood-2002-06-1778.

Submitted June 14, 2002
Accepted July 23, 2002
Specific involvement of caspases in the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages
Olivier Sordet, Cedric Rebe, Stephanie Plenchette, Yael Zermati, Olivier Hermine, William Vainchenker, Carmen Garrido, Eric Solary*, and Laurence Dubrez-Daloz
IFR100, Faculty of Medicine, INSERM Unite 517, Dijon, France
IFR Necker, CNRS UMR 8603, Paris, France
Institut Gustave Roussy, INSERM Unite 362, Villejuif, France
* Corresponding author; email: esolary{at}u-bourgogne.fr.
Caspases are cysteine proteases involved in apoptosis and cytokine maturation. In erythroblasts, keratinocytes and lens epithelial cells undergoing differentiation, enucleation has been regarded as a caspase-mediated incomplete apoptotic process. Here, we show that several caspases are activated in human peripheral blood monocytes whose differentiation into macrophages is induced by M-CSF. This activation is not associated with cell death and cannot be detected in monocytes undergoing dendritic cell differentiation in the presence of IL-4 and GM-CSF. The mechanisms and consequences of caspase activation were further studied in U937 human monocytic cells undergoing phorbol ester-induced differentiation into macrophages. Differentiation-associated caspase activation involves the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria and leads to the cleavage of the protein acinus while the poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase remains uncleaved. Inhibition of caspases by either exposure to the broad spectrum inhibitor z-VAD-fmk or expression of the p35 baculovirus inhibitory protein or overexpression of Bcl-2 inhibits the differentiation process. In addition, z-VAD-fmk amplifies the differentiation-associated production of radical oxygen species in both phorbol ester-differentiated U937 cells and M-CSF-treated monocytes, shifting the differentiation process to non-apoptotic cell death. Altogether, these results indicate that caspase activation specifically contributes to the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages, in the absence of cell death.

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