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Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on May 1, 2003; DOI 10.1182/blood-2002-07-2099.

Submitted July 15, 2002
Accepted April 11, 2003
A defect in hematopoietic stem cell migration explains the non-random X-chromosome inactivation in carriers of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
Catherine Lacout, Elie Haddad, Siham Sabri, Fedor Svinarchouk, Loic Garcon, Claude Capron, Adlan Foudi, Rym Mzali, Scott B Snapper, Fawzia Louache, William Vainchenker, and Dominique Dumenil*
Institut Gustave Roussy, Unite 362, INSERM, Villejuif, France
Faculte Pharmacie, Unite 461, INSERM, Chatenay Mallabry, France
Departments of Medecine, Gatrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
* Corresponding author; email: domdum{at}igr.fr.
A defect in cell trafficking and chemotaxis plays an important role in the immune deficiency observed in the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS). In this report, we show that marrow cells from WASP deficient mice have also a defect in chemotaxis. Serial transplantation and competitive reconstitution experiments demonstrated that marrow cells, including hematopoietic progenitors and stem cells (HSC), have decrease homing capacities which were associated to a defect in adhesion to collagen. During development, HSC migrate from the liver to the marrow and the spleen, prompting us to ask if a defect in HSC homing during development may explain the skewed X-chromosome inactivation in WAS carriers. Preliminary evidence has shown that, in contrast to marrow progenitor cells, fetal liver progenitor cells from heterozygous female had a random X-chromosome inactivation. When fetal liver cells from WASP carrier female were injected into irradiated recipients, a non random inactivation of the X-chromosome was found at the level of hematopoietic progenitors and HSC responsible for the short and long term hematopoietic reconstitution. Therefore, the mechanism of the skewed X-chromosomal inactivation observed in WAS carriers may be related to a migration defect of WASP-deficient HSC.

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