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Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on March 27, 2003; DOI 10.1182/blood-2002-08-2628.

Submitted August 28, 2002
Accepted March 21, 2003
Graft-versus-host disease after nonmyeloablative versus conventional hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Marco Mielcarek*, Paul J Martin, Wendy Leisenring, Mary E D Flowers, David G Maloney, Brenda M Sandmaier, Michael B Maris, and Rainer Storb
Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
* Corresponding author; email: mielcar{at}u.washington.edu.
It is not known whether severity, timing, or quality of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) may be different after nonmyeloablative as compared to myeloablative hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Therefore, GVHD incidence, morbidity of skin, liver and gut, requirements for immunosuppressive therapy, and survival were retrospectively analyzed in 44 nonablative and 52 ablative HSCT recipients (median ages 56 and 54 years, respectively). The nonablative transplant regimen consisted of low-dose total body irradiation (TBI) preceded in some patients by fludarabine and followed by postgrafting immunosuppression with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and cyclosporine (CSP). Myeloablative HSCT recipients were prepared with different TBI and non-TBI-containing regimens, and received CSP plus methotrexate or MMF for GVHD prophylaxis. The cumulative incidence of grades II-IV acute GVHD was lower in nonablative transplants (64% vs. 85%, P=.001), but there were no differences in the cumulative incidence of chronic GVHD requiring treatment (73% vs. 71%, P=.96). Nonablative transplantation was associated with delayed initiation of steroid treatment for GVHD (0.95 months vs. 3.0 months, P<.001) and with use of fewer systemic immunosuppressants during the first 3 months after transplant (P .04). This corresponded to more prevalent skin and more severe gut morbidity 6-12 months after nonablative transplantation. Our results show that nonablative HSCT is associated with a syndrome of acute GVHD occurring beyond day 100 in many patients. This "late-onset acute GVHD" should be taken into consideration in the design of prospective studies comparing GVHD between the two types of transplant.

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