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Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on October 24, 2002; DOI 10.1182/blood-2002-08-2653. This Article Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: 2002-08-2653v1 101/5/1684    most recent Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Rights and Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via CrossRef Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Choi, Y. K. Articles by Reinhart, T. A Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Choi, Y. K. Articles by Reinhart, T. A Social Bookmarking                   What's this? Submitted August 30, 2002 Accepted October 15, 2002 Simian immunodeficiency virus dramatically alters expression of homeostatic chemokines and dendritic cell markers during infection in vivo Yang Kyu Choi, Beth A Fallert, Michael A Murphey-Corb, and Todd A Reinhart* Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA * Corresponding author; email: reinhar{at}pitt.edu. Dendritic cells (DC) are potent antigen-presenting cells that likely play multiple roles in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) pathogenesis. We used the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)/macaque model to study the effects of infection on homeostatic chemokine expression and DC localization directly in secondary lymphoid tissues. SIV infection altered the expression of chemokines (CCL19/MIP-3ß, CCL21/6Ckine, and CCL20/MIP-3) and chemokine receptors (CCR7 and CCR6) that drive DC trafficking. CCL19/MIP-3ß, CCL20/MIP-3, CCR6, and CCR7 expression increased in lymph nodes during the early systemic burst of viral replication (acute infection), whereas CCL21/6Ckine expression progressively decreased throughout disease through to AIDS. Parallel with the SIV-induced perturbations in chemokine expression were changes in the expression of the DC-associated markers, DC-SIGN, DC-LAMP, and DECTIN-1. During AIDS, DC-LAMP mRNA expression levels were significantly reduced in lymph nodes and spleen, and DC-SIGN levels were significantly reduced in spleen. These findings suggest that disruption of homeostatic chemokine expression is responsible, in part, for alterations in the networks of antigen presenting cells in lymphoid tissues, which ultimately contributes to systemic immunodeficiency. 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