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Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on January 30, 2003; DOI 10.1182/blood-2002-10-3236.

Submitted October 28, 2002
Accepted January 14, 2003
MALT1 is deregulated by both chromosomal translocation and amplification in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Dolors Sanchez-Izquierdo, Gerard Buchonet, Reiner Siebert, Randy D Gascoyne, Joan Climent, Loraine Karran, Miguel Marin, David Blesa, Douglas Horsman, Andreas Rosenwald, Louis M Staudt, Donna G Albertson, Ming-Quing Du, Hongtao Ye, Peter Marynen, Javier Garcia-Conde, Daniel Pinkel, Martin J S Dyer*, and Jose A Martinez-Climent
Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Hospital Clinico, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
Department of Haematology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Kiel, Kiel, Germany
Department of Pathology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Metabolism Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
Cancer Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
Department of Histopathology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
Department of Histopathology, Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
* Corresponding author; email: mjsd1{at}leicester.ac.uk.
The MALT1 gene was identified through its involvement in t(11;18)(q21;q21), seen in 30% of cases of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Here, we show that deregulated MALT1 expression may occur in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) of various histological subtypes either through translocation to the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) locus or by genomic amplification. Firstly, two cases, one case of MALT lymphoma and another of aggressive marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) with t(14;18)(q32;q21), cytogenetically identical to the translocation involving BCL2, were shown by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to involve MALT1, which lies about 5Mb centromeric of BCL2. Molecular cloning of both by long-distance inverse PCR, showed breakpoints lying 1-2kb centromeric of the first 5' MALT1 exon; both cases showed MALT1 over-expression at either RNA and/or protein levels. Secondly, we examined the structure and gene expression profile of genomic amplifications involving 18q21 in a panel of 40 B-NHL cell lines using comparative genomic hybridization to microarrays (array CGH) and gene expression profiling techniques. Using array CGH, two peaks of genomic amplification were observed, one centered around BCL2 and the other around MALT1. Of the 3 cell lines with MALT1 amplification, 2 showed MALT1 over-expression as assessed by gene profiling, quantitative RT-PCR and western blotting. To determine if comparable events occurred in primary MALT and splenic MZL tumors, 40 cases were analyzed by FISH and/or quantitative RT-PCR; genomic amplification and MALT1 over-expression were seen in 2 cases. Together, these data implicate MALT1 as a dominant oncogene that may play a role in the pathogenesis of B-NHL.

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