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Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on March 20, 2003; DOI 10.1182/blood-2002-12-3629.

Submitted December 2, 2002
Accepted March 17, 2003
Graft-versus-host disease following allogeneic HLA-identical sibling transplantation with anti-thymocyte globulin-based reduced intensity preparative regimen
Mohamad Mohty, Jacques-Olivier Bay, Catherine Faucher, Bachra Choufi, Karin Bilger, Olivier Tournilhac, Norbert Vey, Anne-Marie Stoppa, Diane Coso, Christian Chabannon, Patrice Viens, Dominique Maraninchi, and Didier Blaise*
Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
Centre Jean-Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France
* Corresponding author; email: mohtym{at}marseille.fnclcc.fr.
Reduced intensity conditioning regimens (RIC) are increasingly used for allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT). RIC has been shown to allow engraftment with minimal early transplant-related mortality (TRM). However, in the context of RIC, predictive factors for acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD, cGVHD) and their impact on outcome remain unknown. In this report, we analyzed the outcome of 101 high risk patients (70 hematological and 31 non-hematological malignancies) who received an HLA-identical sibling allo-SCT after RIC including fludarabine, busulfan and anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG). The cumulative incidence of grade II-IV aGVHD was 36% (95% CI, 27%-45%) while the cumulative incidence of cGVHD at 2 years was 43% (95% CI, 33%-53%). In multivariate analysis, the incidence of aGVHD was significantly associated with the ATG dose infused during conditioning (P= .0005), while peripheral blood as stem cell source was the only predictive factor for the development of cGVHD (P= .0007). The 1-year cumulative incidences of disease progression or relapse in patients with (n = 69) and without (n = 31) GVHD (whatever its form or grade) were 30% (95% CI, 19%-41%) and 55% (95% CI, 37%-72%), respectively (P= .02), suggesting that a potent graft-versus-tumor (GVT) effect can be achieved in high risk patients following RIC. Moreover, the GVT effect was closely associated with GVHD without an increased risk of TRM [cumulative incidence of TRM, 18% (95% CI, 10%-25%)]. Collectively, these results provide a framework for the refinement of RIC approaches designed to enhance the GVT effect with an acceptable risk of GVHD.

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