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Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on February 13, 2003; DOI 10.1182/blood-2002-12-3878.

Submitted December 23, 2002
Accepted February 6, 2003
Nucleolar localization of RPS19 protein in normal cells and mislocalization due to mutations in the nucleolar localization signals in two Diamond-Blackfan Anemia patients: Potential insights into pathophysiology
Lydie M Da Costa*, Gil Tchernia, Philippe Gascard, Annie Lo, Joerg Meerpohl, Charlotte Niemeyer, Joel-Anne Chasis, Jason Fixler, and Narla Mohandas
Hematology, Hopital Bicetre, AP-HP, U473, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France; Life Science, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
Hematology, Hopital Bicetre, AP-HP, U473, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France
Life Science, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
Universitats-Kinderklinik, Freiburg, Germany
Red Cell Physiology, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, USA
* Corresponding author; email: dacosta{at}kb.inserm.fr.
Ribosomal protein S19 (RPS19) is frequently mutated in Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA), a rare congenital hypoplastic anemia. Recent studies have shown that RPS19 expression decreases during terminal erythroid differentiation. Currently no information is available on the subcellular localization of normal RPS19 and the potential effects of various RPS19 mutations on cellular localization. In the present study, using wild type and mutant RPS19 cDNA, we explored the subcellular distribution of normal and mutant proteins in a fibroblast cell line (Cos-7 cells). RPS19 was detected primarily in the nucleus, and more specifically in the nucleoli, where RPS19 co-localized with the nucleolar protein, nucleolin. Using various N-terminal and C-terminal deletion constructs, we identified two nucleolar localization signals (NoS) in RPS19: the first comprising amino acids Met1 to Arg16 in the NH2-terminus and the second comprising Gly120 to Asn142 in the COOH-terminus. Importantly, two mutations identified in DBA patients, Val15Phe and Gly127Gln, each of which localized to one of the two NoS, failed to localize RPS19 to the nucleolus. In addition to their mislocalization, there was a dramatic decrease in the expression of the two mutant proteins compared to the wild type. This decrease in protein expression was specific for the mutant RPS19, since expression of other proteins was normal. The present findings enable us to document the nucleolar localization signals in RPS19 and help define the phenotypic consequences of some mutations in RPS19 in DBA.

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