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Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on September 25, 2003; DOI 10.1182/blood-2003-02-0371.

Submitted February 10, 2003
Accepted September 3, 2003
Clonal evolution and lack of cytogenetic response are adverse prognostic factors for hematologic relapse of chronic phase CML patients treated with Imatinib mesylate (STI571)
Michael E O'Dwyer*, Michael J Mauro, Carolyn Blasdel, Melanie Farnsworth, Gwen Kurilik, Yi-Ching Hsieh, Motomi Mori, and Brian J Druker
Leukemia Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
* Corresponding author; email: michael.odwyer{at}whb.ie.
We followed 141 patients treated with imatinib mesylate (>300 mg) for chronic phase CML following interferon failure. During 12 months from the start of imatinib treatment, 96.5% achieved a complete hematological response and 47.0% achieved a major cytogenetic response with 32.4% a complete cytogenetic response. The proportion of patients with hematological relapse was 10.9% at 12 months and 14.6% at 18 months. In a univariate Cox regression analysis, the only pre-treatment characteristics that correlated with an increased risk of hematological relapse were hemoglobin < 12g/dl (p = .02), increased bands in the peripheral blood (p = .01), and clonal evolution (p < .0001). In a multivariate analysis, an elevated platelet count (p=0.03), and clonal evolution (p < .0001) were the only significant factors for hematological relapse. During treatment, the absence of a major cytogenetic response within the first six months also significantly correlated with relapse (p=.03). Notably, patients failing to achieve a major cytogenetic response by 6 months had a significantly higher rate of hematological relapse (27%) compared to those who achieved a major cytogenetic response by 6 months (3%), and patients with clonal evolution had a significantly higher risk of hematological relapse (50%) than those without clonal evolution (9%).

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