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Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on August 14, 2003; DOI 10.1182/blood-2003-02-0562.

Submitted February 20, 2003
Accepted July 25, 2003
Involvement of reactive oxygen species in adaphostin-induced cytotoxicity in human leukemia cells
Joya Chandra, Jennifer Hackbarth, Son Le, David Loegering, Nancy Bone, Laura M Bruzek, Ven L Narayanan, Alex A Adjei, Neil E Kay, Ayalew Tefferi, Judith E Karp, Edward A Sausville, and Scott H Kaufmann*
Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Graduate School, Rochester, MN, USA
Developmental Therapeutics Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
Greenbaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
* Corresponding author; email: Kaufmann.Scott{at}Mayo.edu.
Adaphostin (NSC 680410), an analogue of the tyrphostin AG957, was previously shown to induce Bcr/abl downregulation followed by loss of clonogenic survival in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cell lines and clinical samples. Adaphostin demonstrated selectivity for CML myeloid progenitors in vitro and remained active in K562 cells selected for imatinib mesylate resistance. In the present study, the mechanism of action of adaphostin was investigated in greater detail in vitro. Initial studies demonstrated that adaphostin induced apoptosis in a variety of Bcr/abl-negative cells, including acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) blasts and cell lines as well as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) samples. Further study demonstrated that adaphostin caused intracellular peroxide production followed by DNA strand breaks and, in cells containing wildtype p53, a typical DNA damage response consisting of p53 phosphorylation and upregulation. Importantly, the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) blunted these events, whereas glutathione depletion with buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) augmented them. Collectively, these results not only outline a mechanism by which adaphostin can damage both myeloid and lymphoid leukemia cells, but also indicate that this novel agent might have a broader spectrum of activity than originally envisioned.

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