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Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on March 27, 2003; DOI 10.1182/blood-2003-03-0672.

Submitted March 3, 2003
Accepted March 23, 2003
Hepcidin, a key regulator of iron metabolism and mediator of anemia of inflammation
Tomas Ganz*
Departments of Medicine and Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
* Corresponding author; email: tganz{at}mednet.ucla.edu.
Human hepcidin, a 25 amino acid peptide made by hepatocytes, may be a new mediator of innate immunity and the long sought iron-regulatory hormone. The synthesis of hepcidin is greatly stimulated by inflammation or by iron overload. Evidence from transgenic mouse models indicates that hepcidin is the predominant negative regulator of iron absorption in the small intestine, iron transport across the placenta, and iron release from macrophages. The key role of hepcidin is confirmed by the presence of nonsense mutations in the hepcidin gene, homozygous in the affected members, in two families with severe juvenile hemochromatosis. Recent evidence shows that deficient hepcidin response to iron loading may contribute to iron overload even in the much milder common form of hemochromatosis, from mutations in the HFE gene. In anemia of inflammation, hepcidin production is increased up to a hundred-fold and this may account for the defining feature of this condition, sequestration of iron in macrophages. The discovery of hepcidin and its role in iron metabolism could lead to new therapies for hemochromatosis and anemia of inflammation.

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H. Mok, M. Mendoza, J. T. Prchal, P. Balogh, and A. Schumacher
Dysregulation of ferroportin 1 interferes with spleen organogenesis in polycythaemia mice
Development,
October 1, 2004;
131(19):
4871 - 4881.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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E. Nisbet-Brown
Hemojuvelin and hepcidin: the keys to JH?
Blood,
October 1, 2004;
104(7):
1918 - 1919.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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T. Matthes, P. Aguilar-Martinez, L. Pizzi-Bosman, R. Darbellay, L. Rubbia-Brandt, E. Giostra, M. Michel, T. Ganz, and P. Beris
Severe hemochromatosis in a Portuguese family associated with a new mutation in the 5'-UTR of the HAMP gene
Blood,
October 1, 2004;
104(7):
2181 - 2183.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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C Gasche, M C E Lomer, I Cavill, and G Weiss
Iron, anaemia, and inflammatory bowel diseases
Gut,
August 1, 2004;
53(8):
1190 - 1197.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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J. CRAWLEY
REDUCING THE BURDEN OF ANEMIA IN INFANTS AND YOUNG CHILDREN IN MALARIA-ENDEMIC COUNTRIES OF AFRICA: FROM EVIDENCE TO ACTION
Am J Trop Med Hyg,
August 1, 2004;
71(2_suppl):
25 - 34.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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P. Lee, H. Peng, T. Gelbart, and E. Beutler
The IL-6- and lipopolysaccharide-induced transcription of hepcidin in HFE-, transferrin receptor 2-, and {beta}2-microglobulin-deficient hepatocytes
PNAS,
June 22, 2004;
101(25):
9263 - 9265.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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A. Pietrangelo
Hereditary Hemochromatosis -- A New Look at an Old Disease
N. Engl. J. Med.,
June 3, 2004;
350(23):
2383 - 2397.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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C. Lanzara, A. Roetto, F. Daraio, S. Rivard, R. Ficarella, H. Simard, T. M. Cox, M. Cazzola, A. Piperno, A.-P. Gimenez-Roqueplo, et al.
Spectrum of hemojuvelin gene mutations in 1q-linked juvenile hemochromatosis
Blood,
June 1, 2004;
103(11):
4317 - 4321.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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A P Walker, J Partridge, S K Srai, and J S Dooley
Hepcidin: what every gastroenterologist should know
Gut,
May 1, 2004;
53(5):
624 - 627.
[Full Text]
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H. Mok, J. Jelinek, S. Pai, B. M. Cattanach, J. T. Prchal, H. Youssoufian, and A. Schumacher
Disruption of ferroportin 1 regulation causes dynamic alterations in iron homeostasis and erythropoiesis in polycythaemia mice
Development,
April 15, 2004;
131(8):
1859 - 1868.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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R. Ajioka and J. Kushner
Another link in the chain
Blood,
April 1, 2004;
103(7):
2439 - 2440.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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D.-Q. Lou, G. Nicolas, J.-C. Lesbordes, L. Viatte, G. Grimber, M.-F. Szajnert, A. Kahn, and S. Vaulont
Functional differences between hepcidin 1 and 2 in transgenic mice
Blood,
April 1, 2004;
103(7):
2816 - 2821.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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A. Roetto, F. Daraio, P. Porporato, R. Caruso, T. M. Cox, M. Cazzola, P. Gasparini, A. Piperno, and C. Camaschella
Screening hepcidin for mutations in juvenile hemochromatosis: identification of a new mutation (C70R)
Blood,
March 15, 2004;
103(6):
2407 - 2409.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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K.-y. Yeh, M. Yeh, and J. Glass
Hepcidin regulation of ferroportin 1 expression in the liver and intestine of the rat
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol,
March 1, 2004;
286(3):
G385 - G394.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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S. K. S. Srai
HFE, a putative hepatocyte iron sensor?
Blood,
February 15, 2004;
103(4):
1177 - 1177.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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H. Ashrafian
Hepcidin: the Missing Link between Hemochromatosis and Infections
Infect. Immun.,
December 1, 2003;
71(12):
6693 - 6700.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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