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Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on September 25, 2003; DOI 10.1182/blood-2003-07-2324.

Submitted July 10, 2003
Accepted September 2, 2003
Induction of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses to enhanced green and yellow fluorescent proteins after myeloablative conditioning
Julia C Morris, Melissa Conerly, Bobbie Thomasson, Jan Storek, Stanley R Riddell, and Hans-Peter Kiem*
Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
* Corresponding author; email: hkiem{at}fhcrc.org.
Lentiviral vectors are increasingly being used for transferring genes into hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) due to their ability to transduce nondividing cells. Whereas results in in vitro studies and the nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) model have been highly encourgaging, studies in large animals have not confirmed the superior transduction of HSCs using lentiviral vectors versus oncoretroviral vectors. In contrast to the stable gene marking we have consistently achieved with oncoretroviral vectors in animals that received myeloablative conditioning, we observed the complete disappearance of genetically modified enhanced green or yellow fluorescent protein-expressing cells in five baboons transplanted with HSCs transduced with lentiviral vectors alone or in combination with oncoretroviral vectors. Immune responses to transgene products have been found to be involved in the disappearance of gene-modified cells after nonmyeloablative conditioning. Thus, we examined whether the disappearance of gene-modified cells after ablative conditioning may be due to an immune response. In four of five animals, cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for the transgene protein were readily detected, demonstrating that immune reactions were responsible for the disappearance of the gene-marked cells in the animals. In summary, we report the induction of transgene-specific immune responses after transplantation of lentivirally transduced repopulating cells in a myeloablative setting.

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