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Blood, 15 July 2004, Vol. 104, No. 2, pp. 364-373. Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on April 1, 2004; DOI 10.1182/blood-2003-07-2363.
Submitted July 16, 2003
VIRxSYS Corporation, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA * Corresponding author; email: boro{at}virxsys.com.
High gene transfer efficiencies have been difficult to achieve in hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs), but are important to therapeutic success of HPC gene therapy. Efficient gene transfer is especially challenging using column purified vector for clinical application, as opposed to centrifuged vector commonly used for research. We investigated novel approaches to increase transduction using a clinically applicable protocol and quantities of column purified lentiviral vector. Recognizing the association of ABC transporters with HPC biology, we investigated the effect of transporter inhibitors on transduction. We found the ABC transporter inhibitor verapamil improved transduction efficiency 2 to 6-fold into CD34+ liquid culture isolated from mobilized peripheral blood, bone marrow, and cord blood. Verapamil also improved transduction in human SRC transduction 3 to 4-fold, resulting in 80% to 90% transduction levels in primary and secondarily transplanted mice without alterations in multi-lineage reconstitution. Additional ABC transporter substrate inhibitors like quinidine, diltiazem, and ritonavir also enhanced transduction 2-3 fold, although ABC transporter inhibitors that are not substrates did not. Enhanced transduction was not observed in mature hematopoietic cells, neurospheres, mesenchymal stem cells, or hepatocytes. Enhancement of transduction in HPCs was observed with VSV-G pseudotyped lentiviral vector, but not with vector pseudotyped with RD114. Thus, we present a new approach for efficient delivery to primitive HPCs by VSV-G pseudotyped lentiviral vectors.
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