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Prepublished online as a Blood First Edition Paper on September 11, 2003; DOI 10.1182/blood-2003-07-2603. This Article Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: 2003-07-2603v1 103/1/347    most recent Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Rights and Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via CrossRef Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Randolph, S. S B Articles by Riddell, S. R Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Randolph, S. S B Articles by Riddell, S. R Social Bookmarking                   What's this? Submitted July 31, 2003 Accepted August 28, 2003 Female donors contribute to a selective graft versus leukemia effect in male recipients of HLA matched related hematopoietic cell transplants Sophia S B Randolph*, Theodore A Gooley, Edus H Warren, Frederick R Appelbaum, and Stanley R Riddell Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA * Corresponding author; email: sbryant{at}fhcrc.org. Male recipients of female hematopoietic cell transplant (FM HCT) represent a special setting in which donor T cells that are specific for recipient minor histocompatibility antigens encoded by Y chromosome genes, may contribute to a graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect and graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). We examined the contribution of donor/patient gender to the risk of relapse and GvHD in 3238 individuals who received HLA-identical sibling HCT for hematopoietic malignancies at a single institution. Relative to other gender combinations, male recipients of female transplants had the lowest hazard of relapse and greatest odds of GvHD. Remarkably, after controlling for GvHD as a time-dependent covariate, FM transplants still exhibited a lower hazard of relapse compared with other gender combinations, demonstrating a selective GVL effect distinct from that contributed by GvHD. A reduction in relapse after FM HCT was observed in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Taken together, these data suggest that minor histocompatibility antigens encoded or regulated by genes on the Y chromosome contribute to a selective GVL effect against myeloid and lymphoid leukemias after FM transplant. 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